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Volume 13
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Article

A 500 mVpp Input Range First-Order VCO-Based ADC with a Multi-Phase Quantizer for EEG Recording Front Ends

by
Wenhao Liu
1,2,
Ying Hou
1,2,
Xiaosong Wang
1,2 and
Yu Liu
1,2,3,*
1
Research and Development Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2024, 13(8), 1483; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081483
Submission received: 27 March 2024 / Revised: 7 April 2024 / Accepted: 11 April 2024 / Published: 13 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Microelectronics)
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Abstract

This paper proposes a VCO-based ADC with first-order noise shaping for EEG signal recording front ends. Addressing the challenge of applying analog integrators in advanced processes due to low voltage issues, a multi-phase quantizer structure is introduced based on V-F conversion within the VCO structure, resulting in lower analog power consumption at the same output bit-width. By introducing a form of Gray code encoding, errors caused by circuit metastability are limited to within 1 bit. Considering the effects of motion artifacts and the electrode DC offset, the circuit achieves a wide input range of 500 mVpp by adjusting the feedback coefficients. A prototype ADC is fabricated using 180 nm CMOS technology, operating at a 1.8 V/1 V power supply voltage, with power consumption of 17.1 μW, while achieving a 62.1 dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and 55.2 dB dynamic range (DR). The proposed ADC exhibits input noise of 8.64 μVrms within a bandwidth of 0.5 Hz–5 kHz.
Keywords: EEG signal; first-order noise shaping; large input range; multi-phase quantizer; VCO-based ADC EEG signal; first-order noise shaping; large input range; multi-phase quantizer; VCO-based ADC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, W.; Hou, Y.; Wang, X.; Liu, Y. A 500 mVpp Input Range First-Order VCO-Based ADC with a Multi-Phase Quantizer for EEG Recording Front Ends. Electronics 2024, 13, 1483. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081483

AMA Style

Liu W, Hou Y, Wang X, Liu Y. A 500 mVpp Input Range First-Order VCO-Based ADC with a Multi-Phase Quantizer for EEG Recording Front Ends. Electronics. 2024; 13(8):1483. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081483

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Wenhao, Ying Hou, Xiaosong Wang, and Yu Liu. 2024. "A 500 mVpp Input Range First-Order VCO-Based ADC with a Multi-Phase Quantizer for EEG Recording Front Ends" Electronics 13, no. 8: 1483. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081483

APA Style

Liu, W., Hou, Y., Wang, X., & Liu, Y. (2024). A 500 mVpp Input Range First-Order VCO-Based ADC with a Multi-Phase Quantizer for EEG Recording Front Ends. Electronics, 13(8), 1483. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081483

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