Effectiveness of an Acupuncture Steam-Warming Eye Mask on Dry Eye Disease in Visual Display Terminal Users: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Declaration
2.2. Study Design and Participants
2.3. Treatment with Different Steam-Warming Eye Mask
2.4. Primary Outcomes
2.5. Secondary Outcomes
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characters of Study Population
3.2. The Improvement of Dry Eye Parameters after Treatment
3.3. Comparison of Dry Eye Parameters between Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characters | ASEM Group (N = 20) | SEM Group (N = 20) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 34.17 ± 10.23 | 35.22 ± 11.41 | 0.572 |
Sex (male to female) | 6:14 | 4:16 | 0.915 |
TBUT (s, Mean ± SD) | 5.34 ± 2.56 | 5.73 ± 2.37 | 0.933 |
Shirmer test value (mm, Mean ± SD) | 15.07 ± 9.12 | 14.65 ± 9.04 | 0.892 |
Tear Meniscus Height (mm, Mean ± SD) | 0.20 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.09 | 0.084 |
Ocular surface staining score (Mean ± SD) | 0.62 ± 1.07 | 0.87 ± 1.39 | 0.580 |
0–2 | 17 (85.00%) | 14 (70.00%) | |
3–6 | 3 (15.00%) | 6 (30.00) | |
Meibum expressibility score (mean ± SD) | 0.62 ± 0.65 | 0.64 ± 0.80 | 0.826 |
Grade 0 | 10 (50.00%) | 11 (55.00%) | |
Grade 1 | 8 (40.00%) | 6 (30.00%) | |
Grade 2 | 2 (10.00%) | 2 (10.00%) | |
Grade 3 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (5.00%) | |
Meibum quality score (mean ± SD) | 1.01 ± 0.82 | 1.28 ± 0.73 | 0.484 |
Grade 0 | 7 (35.00%) | 2 (10.00%) | |
Grade 1 | 8 (40.00%) | 13 (65.00%) | |
Grade 2 | 4 (20.00%) | 4 (20.00%) | |
Grade 3 | 1 (5.00%) | 1 (5.00%) |
Parameters | ASEM Group (N = 20) | SEM Group (N = 20) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Meibomian gland expressibility | ||||
Upper | 0.114 | |||
Improved | 8 (40.00%) | 3 (15.00%) | ||
No change | 12 (60.00%) | 14 (70.00%) | ||
Worsened | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (15.00%) | ||
Lower | 0.076 | |||
Improved | 7 (35.00%) | 3 (15.00%) | ||
No change | 13 (65.00%) | 15 (75.00%) | ||
Worsened | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (10.00%) | ||
Meibum quality | ||||
Upper | 0.059 | |||
Improved | 8 (40.00%) | 6 (30.00%) | ||
No change | 9 (45.00%) | 7 (35.00%) | ||
Worsened | 3 (15.00%) | 7 (35.00%) | ||
Lower | 0.014 * | |||
Improved | 7 (35.00%) | 2 (10.00%) | ||
No change | 12 (60.00%) | 10 (50.00%) | ||
Worsened | 1 (5.00%) | 8 (40.00%) |
Symptoms | ASEM Group (N = 20) | SEM Group (N = 20) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 2 Weeks | Baseline | 2 Weeks | |
Tired eyes | 52.45 ± 25.52 | 29.14 ± 20.36 * | 55.46 ± 18.17 | 31.66 ± 18.58 * |
Dry eyes | 49.32 ± 26.42 | 24.00 ± 21.35 * | 52.24 ± 17.38 | 30.36 ± 21.42 * |
Ocular discomfort | 39.12 ± 26.07 | 15.24 ± 14.87 * | 44.95 ± 18.20 | 23.96 ± 18.34 * |
Blurred vision | 26.45 ± 24.17 | 13.10 ± 19.01 * | 33.62 ± 23.56 | 22.88 ± 20.50 * |
Gritty eyes | 16.95 ± 16.54 | 8.75 ± 10.26 * | 32.25 ± 21.39 | 22.67 ± 21.05 * |
Relaxing feeling | 62.51 ± 21.73 | 78.49 ± 16.50 * | 61.53 ± 17.78 | 64.16 ± 22.37 |
Comfortable feeling | 65.13 ± 22.29 | 76.35 ± 17.12 * | 56.88 ± 16.45 | 63.11 ± 17.02 |
Refreshing feeling | 57.86 ± 20.44 | 74.97 ± 18.53 * | 60.39 ± 15.28 | 61.07 ± 20.62 |
Computer visual syndrome | 10.07 ± 3.02 | 5.48 ± 4.65 * | 11.42 ± 4.04 | 7.84 ± 4.83 * |
Dry eye questionnaire score | 29.35 ± 14.27 | 15.38 ± 10.22 * | 31.27 ± 13.35 | 19.21 ± 13.98 * |
Parameter (Reference: SEM Group) | Estimate | Standard Error | t | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tired eyes | 0.49 | 7.2 | 0.06 | 0.926 |
Dry eyes | −3.25 | 6.5 | −0.53 | 0.641 |
Ocular discomfort | −2.11 | 6.3 | −0.35 | 0.753 |
Blurred vision | −2.19 | 5.3 | −0.42 | 0.656 |
Gritty eyes | 1.71 | 4.5 | 0.32 | 0.789 |
Relaxing feeling | 8.72 | 5.7 | 1.74 | 0.101 |
Comfortable feeling | −0.91 | 5.2 | −0.17 | 0.835 |
Refreshing feeling | 12.68 | 5.1 | 2.74 | 0.013 * |
Computer visual syndrome | −0.18 | 1.2 | −0.22 | 0.878 |
Dry eye questionnaire score | −1.71 | 1.2 | −1.43 | 0.147 |
Ocular discharge | −3.27 | 0.6 | −3.63 | 0.031 * |
TBUT | −1.45 | 0.8 | −1.82 | 0.045 * |
Schirmer test | 0.82 | 2.7 | 0.11 | 0.386 |
Tear meniscus height | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.754 |
Ocular surface staining score | −0.58 | 0.86 | −0.73 | 0.521 |
Meibomian gland expressibility | ||||
Upper | −1.76 | 0.38 | −1.59 | 0.032 * |
Lower | −1.63 | 1.51 | −1.96 | 0.026 * |
Meibum quality | ||||
Upper | −1.71 | 0.52 | −1.83 | 0.023 * |
Lower | −2.65 | 0.77 | −3.38 | 0.006 * |
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Lee, C.-Y.; Yang, S.-F.; Hsiao, C.-H.; Sun, C.-C.; Chang, C.-K.; Huang, J.-Y.; Hwang, Y.-S. Effectiveness of an Acupuncture Steam-Warming Eye Mask on Dry Eye Disease in Visual Display Terminal Users: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Diseases 2024, 12, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080192
Lee C-Y, Yang S-F, Hsiao C-H, Sun C-C, Chang C-K, Huang J-Y, Hwang Y-S. Effectiveness of an Acupuncture Steam-Warming Eye Mask on Dry Eye Disease in Visual Display Terminal Users: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Diseases. 2024; 12(8):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080192
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Chia-Yi, Shun-Fa Yang, Ching-Hsi Hsiao, Chi-Chin Sun, Chao-Kai Chang, Jing-Yang Huang, and Yih-Shiou Hwang. 2024. "Effectiveness of an Acupuncture Steam-Warming Eye Mask on Dry Eye Disease in Visual Display Terminal Users: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial" Diseases 12, no. 8: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080192