Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fish Growth Conditions and Sampling
2.3. Lipid Extraction
2.4. Untargeted Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC)-MS/MS
2.5. Semi-targeted Reverse Phase LC-MS/MS
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tissue Responses to GM and Control Diets
3.2. Isomeric Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Lipid Class Trends
4.2. Tissue Plasticity
4.3. Acyl Complexity and Counter Trends
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | GM | |
---|---|---|
Feed ingredients (%) | ||
Fishmeal a | 7.5 | 7.5 |
Vegetable protein a | 36.1 | 36.1 |
Land animal protein a | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Wheat a | 11.2 | 11.2 |
Fish oil a | 10.8 | - |
Rapeseed oil a | 20.8 | - |
Camelina oil (transgenic) b | - | 31.6 |
Premix c | 3.6 | 3.6 |
Yttrium oxide c | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Fatty acid profile (%) | ||
Total saturated1 | 18.1 | 14.7 |
Total monoenes2 | 49.1 | 22.2 |
18:2n-6 | 15.2 | 19.6 |
18:3n-6 | 0.1 | 1.5 |
20:4n-6 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 16.0 | 25.2 |
18:3n-3 | 5.8 | 19.1 |
20:5n-3 | 4.8 | 5.7 |
22:5n-3 | 0.7 | 3.8 |
22:6n-3 | 2.4 | 5.3 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 15.1 | 37.7 |
MOPA | ||
Moisture % | 6 | 6 |
Energy–crude (MJ/Kg) | 26 | 26 |
Protein–crude (%) | 36 | 36 |
Fat–crude (%) | 36 | 36 |
Ash (%) | 4.2 | 4.2 |
Solvent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | A | B | C | D |
0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5.1 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
18.5 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
35 | 0 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 0 |
42 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 0 |
42.1 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 65 |
52 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 65 |
56 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
61 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Broughton, R.; Tocher, D.R.; Napier, J.A.; Betancor, M.B. Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source. Metabolites 2022, 12, 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090851
Broughton R, Tocher DR, Napier JA, Betancor MB. Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source. Metabolites. 2022; 12(9):851. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090851
Chicago/Turabian StyleBroughton, Richard, Douglas R. Tocher, Johnathan A. Napier, and Mónica B. Betancor. 2022. "Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source" Metabolites 12, no. 9: 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090851
APA StyleBroughton, R., Tocher, D. R., Napier, J. A., & Betancor, M. B. (2022). Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source. Metabolites, 12(9), 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090851