Repurposing Disulfiram for Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. RNA Isolation and Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
2.3. Immunoblotting
2.4. ALDH Activity
2.5. Cell Cycle Analysis in Flow Cytometry
2.6. Clonogenic Survival of Irradiated Cells
2.7. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Disulfiram as Anti-Glioblastoma Agent and Temozolomide Sensitizer
4.2. Disulfiram as a Radiosensitizer
4.3. Cu2+-Mediated Oxidative Stress
4.4. Does Disulfiram Specifically Eradicate Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem Cells?
4.5. Disulfiram in Clinical Trials
4.6. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ALDH | aldehyde dehydrogenase |
DEAB | diethylaminobenzaldehyde |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
DSB | double strand break |
DSF | disulfiram |
FABP7 | fatty acid-binding protein-7 |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
MGMT | O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase |
MMR | mismatch repair system |
MSI1 | musashi-1 |
NSC | complete Neurocult stem cell medium |
p | error probability |
PROM1 | prominin 1 (CD133) |
(p)GSC | (primary cultures of) glioblastoma stem (cell-like) cells |
TMZ | temozolomide |
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Zirjacks, L.; Stransky, N.; Klumpp, L.; Prause, L.; Eckert, F.; Zips, D.; Schleicher, S.; Handgretinger, R.; Huber, S.M.; Ganser, K. Repurposing Disulfiram for Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111561
Zirjacks L, Stransky N, Klumpp L, Prause L, Eckert F, Zips D, Schleicher S, Handgretinger R, Huber SM, Ganser K. Repurposing Disulfiram for Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(11):1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111561
Chicago/Turabian StyleZirjacks, Lisa, Nicolai Stransky, Lukas Klumpp, Lukas Prause, Franziska Eckert, Daniel Zips, Sabine Schleicher, Rupert Handgretinger, Stephan M. Huber, and Katrin Ganser. 2021. "Repurposing Disulfiram for Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study" Biomolecules 11, no. 11: 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111561
APA StyleZirjacks, L., Stransky, N., Klumpp, L., Prause, L., Eckert, F., Zips, D., Schleicher, S., Handgretinger, R., Huber, S. M., & Ganser, K. (2021). Repurposing Disulfiram for Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Biomolecules, 11(11), 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111561