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Biomolecules
Volume 11
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10.3390/biom11040521
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Review

The Mitochondrial Carnitine Acyl-carnitine Carrier (SLC25A20): Molecular Mechanisms of Transport, Role in Redox Sensing and Interaction with Drugs

by
Annamaria Tonazzi
1,†,
Nicola Giangregorio
1,†,
Lara Console
2,
Ferdinando Palmieri
1,3,* and
Cesare Indiveri
1,2,*
1
Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
2
Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
3
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2021, 11(4), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040521
Submission received: 8 March 2021 / Revised: 23 March 2021 / Accepted: 26 March 2021 / Published: 31 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondrial Transport Proteins)
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Abstract

The SLC25A20 transporter, also known as carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier (CAC), catalyzes the transport of short, medium and long carbon chain acyl-carnitines across the mitochondrial inner membrane in exchange for carnitine. The 30-year story of the protein responsible for this function started with its purification from rat liver mitochondria. Even though its 3D structure is not yet available, CAC is one of the most deeply characterized transport proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Other than functional, kinetic and mechanistic data, post-translational modifications regulating the transport activity of CAC have been revealed. CAC interactions with drugs or xenobiotics relevant to human health and toxicology and the response of the carrier function to dietary compounds have been discovered. Exploiting combined approaches of site-directed mutagenesis with chemical targeting and bioinformatics, a large set of data on structure/function relationships have been obtained, giving novel information on the molecular mechanism of the transport catalyzed by this protein.
Keywords: carnitine; carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier; carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase; membrane transport; mitochondria; mitochondrial carrier; mitochondrial transporter; post-translational modification; solute carrier family 25; SLC25A20 carnitine; carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier; carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase; membrane transport; mitochondria; mitochondrial carrier; mitochondrial transporter; post-translational modification; solute carrier family 25; SLC25A20

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tonazzi, A.; Giangregorio, N.; Console, L.; Palmieri, F.; Indiveri, C. The Mitochondrial Carnitine Acyl-carnitine Carrier (SLC25A20): Molecular Mechanisms of Transport, Role in Redox Sensing and Interaction with Drugs. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040521

AMA Style

Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Console L, Palmieri F, Indiveri C. The Mitochondrial Carnitine Acyl-carnitine Carrier (SLC25A20): Molecular Mechanisms of Transport, Role in Redox Sensing and Interaction with Drugs. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(4):521. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040521

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tonazzi, Annamaria, Nicola Giangregorio, Lara Console, Ferdinando Palmieri, and Cesare Indiveri. 2021. "The Mitochondrial Carnitine Acyl-carnitine Carrier (SLC25A20): Molecular Mechanisms of Transport, Role in Redox Sensing and Interaction with Drugs" Biomolecules 11, no. 4: 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040521

APA Style

Tonazzi, A., Giangregorio, N., Console, L., Palmieri, F., & Indiveri, C. (2021). The Mitochondrial Carnitine Acyl-carnitine Carrier (SLC25A20): Molecular Mechanisms of Transport, Role in Redox Sensing and Interaction with Drugs. Biomolecules, 11(4), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040521

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