Effect of You-Gui-Wan on House Dust Mite-Induced Mouse Allergic Asthma via Regulating Amino Acid Metabolic Disorder and Gut Dysbiosis
Abstract
:1. Introducti
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Herbal Materials
2.3. Animal Experiment and Statement of Animal Ethics
2.4. Measurement of Airway Hyperresponsitivity
2.5. Measurement of Total IgE and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α Content
2.6. Serum Metabolomic Profiling
2.7. Bioinformatics Analyses
2.8. Sequencing, Abundance and Diversity Analyses of Gut Microbiota
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of YGW on the Airway Hyperresponsivity and Total IgE Level in Der p-Induced Mouse Allergic Asthma
3.2. Metabolomics Profiling of YGW Treatment in Der p-Induced Allergic Asthma in Mice
3.3. Effect of YGW on Metabolic Pathways
3.4. Effect of YGW on Gut Microbiota in Der p-Induced Allergic Asthma in Mice
3.5. Correlation between Metabolomic Signatures and Microbial Community
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
amino acid | AA |
aromatic amino acid | AAA |
branch-chain amino acid | BCAA |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | COPD |
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus | Der p |
Dermatophagoides farina | Der f |
dexamethasone | dex |
house dust mites | HDM |
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis | IPA |
linear discriminant analysis | LDA |
linear discriminant analysis effect size | LEfSe |
operational taxonomic units | OTUs |
partial least-squares discriminant analysis | PLS-DA |
principal component analysis | PCA |
Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships Classification System | PANTHER |
Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology v2 | QIIME2 |
traditional Chinese medicine | TCM |
variables important for the projection | VIP |
You-Gui-Wan | YGW |
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Metabolite Name | HMDB | Der p | Der p + YGW (0.5 g/kg) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Der p/Control | p Value (vs. Control) | VIP Value (vs. Control) | Der p + YGW/Control | p Value (vs. Der p) | ||
Acetylcarnitine a | HMDB0000201 | 1.432 | 0.033 | 4.829 | 0.967 | 0.030 |
Betaine a | HMDB0000043 | 1.242 | 0.010 | 3.241 | 0.915 | 0.019 |
Carnitine a | HMDB0000062 | 1.212 | 0.028 | 1.599 | 1.056 | 0.244 |
Hypoxanthine a | HMDB0000157 | 1.212 | 0.028 | 1.595 | 1.056 | 0.246 |
Isoleucine a | HMDB0000172 | 1.227 | 0.014 | 3.906 | 0.902 | 0.007 |
Methionine a | HMDB0000696 | 1.289 | 0.041 | 1.430 | 0.999 | 0.037 |
Norleucine a | HMDB0001645 | 1.238 | 0.021 | 1.666 | 0.907 | 0.018 |
Phenylalanine a | HMDB0000159 | 1.230 | 0.031 | 2.711 | 0.998 | 0.127 |
Tryptophan a | HMDB0000929 | 1.346 | 0.049 | 1.577 | 0.875 | 0.048 |
Valine a | HMDB0000883 | 1.192 | 0.031 | 3.513 | 0.896 | 0.029 |
2-Methylbutyryl-L-carnitine | HMDB0000378 | 1.679 | 0.031 | 0.049 | 1.186 | 0.233 |
Valeryl-L-carnitine | HMDB0013128 | 1.679 | 0.031 | 0.049 | 1.186 | 0.367 |
L-3-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB0000748 | 1.504 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 1.053 | 0.012 |
Ketoleucine | HMDB0000695 | 1.484 | 0.027 | 0.065 | 1.043 | 0.016 |
Tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine | HMDB0005066 | 1.405 | 0.027 | 0.051 | 0.937 | 0.025 |
3-Hydroxybutyric acid | HMDB0000357 | 1.401 | 0.024 | 0.113 | 0.930 | 0.017 |
D-threo-Isocitric acid | HMDB0001874 | 1.358 | 0.026 | 0.112 | 1.479 | 0.279 |
2-Hydroxybutyric acid | HMDB0000008 | 1.314 | 0.028 | 0.069 | 1.128 | 0.112 |
Citric acid | HMDB0000094 | 1.221 | 0.026 | 0.066 | 1.275 | 0.745 |
Pantethine | HMDB0003828 | 1.150 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.958 | 0.057 |
Hydroxyphenyllactic acid | HMDB0000755 | 0.663 | 0.005 | 0.017 | 0.856 | 0.053 |
Phosphorylcholine | HMDB0001565 | 0.616 | 0.035 | 0.009 | 0.879 | 0.179 |
Lysine | HMDB0003405 | 0.217 | 0.010 | 0.936 | 1.018 | 0.002 |
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Hsu, W.-H.; Lin, L.-J.; Lu, C.-K.; Kao, S.-T.; Lin, Y.-L. Effect of You-Gui-Wan on House Dust Mite-Induced Mouse Allergic Asthma via Regulating Amino Acid Metabolic Disorder and Gut Dysbiosis. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060812
Hsu W-H, Lin L-J, Lu C-K, Kao S-T, Lin Y-L. Effect of You-Gui-Wan on House Dust Mite-Induced Mouse Allergic Asthma via Regulating Amino Acid Metabolic Disorder and Gut Dysbiosis. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(6):812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060812
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Wei-Hsiang, Li-Jen Lin, Chung-Kuang Lu, Shung-Te Kao, and Yun-Lian Lin. 2021. "Effect of You-Gui-Wan on House Dust Mite-Induced Mouse Allergic Asthma via Regulating Amino Acid Metabolic Disorder and Gut Dysbiosis" Biomolecules 11, no. 6: 812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060812