Oscillating Glucose Induces the Increase in Inflammatory Stress through Ninjurin-1 Up-Regulation and Stimulation of Transport Proteins in Human Endothelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Cell Culture and Experimental Design
2.3. In Vitro Silencing of Ninjurin-1 in OG-Exposed EC
2.4. RNA Isolation and Gene Expression Measurement
2.5. Quantification of Protein Expression in Cell Lysates
2.6. Measurement of Secreted MCP-1 in the Cell Culture Medium
2.7. Monocyte Adhesion Assay
2.8. Intracellular ROS Level Measurements
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Oscillating Glucose Up-Regulates Endothelial Expression of Ninj-1 and MCP-1, Promoting Increased Adhesion of Monocytes to ECs from EA.hy.926 Cell Line
3.2. Oscillating Glucose Up-Regulates the Expression of TNFR1 and RAGE in ECs from EA.hy926 Cell Line
3.3. Oscillating Glucose and Constant High Glucose Stimulate the Proteins Involved in the Regulation of Transendothelial Transport
3.4. Oscillating Glucose Determines Increased ROS Production and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in ECs from EA.hy926 Cell Line
3.5. Oscillating Glucose Activates the Pro-Inflammatory NF-kB Transcription Factor and p38 MAPK
3.6. Oscillating Glucose Stimulates Inflammatory Stress by Inducing Oxidative Stress and NF-kB Transcription Factor in ECs from EA.hy926 Line
3.7. Oxidative Stress and NF-kB Modulate the Expression of Proteins Involved in Transendothelial Transport
3.8. Ninjurin 1 Silencing Decreases the Expression of Proteins Involved in Transendothelial Transport
3.9. OG Stimulates the Transendothelial Transport Proteins in Primary EC Partially through Mechanisms Involving Ninj-1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Toma, L.; Sanda, G.M.; Stancu, C.S.; Niculescu, L.S.; Raileanu, M.; Sima, A.V. Oscillating Glucose Induces the Increase in Inflammatory Stress through Ninjurin-1 Up-Regulation and Stimulation of Transport Proteins in Human Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040626
Toma L, Sanda GM, Stancu CS, Niculescu LS, Raileanu M, Sima AV. Oscillating Glucose Induces the Increase in Inflammatory Stress through Ninjurin-1 Up-Regulation and Stimulation of Transport Proteins in Human Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules. 2023; 13(4):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040626
Chicago/Turabian StyleToma, Laura, Gabriela M. Sanda, Camelia S. Stancu, Loredan S. Niculescu, Mina Raileanu, and Anca V. Sima. 2023. "Oscillating Glucose Induces the Increase in Inflammatory Stress through Ninjurin-1 Up-Regulation and Stimulation of Transport Proteins in Human Endothelial Cells" Biomolecules 13, no. 4: 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040626