Brain Monoamine Dysfunction in Response to Predator Scent Stress Accompanies Stress-Susceptibility in Female Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Stress Exposure
2.3. Elevated Plus Maze and Acoustic Startle Response
2.4. Sucrose Preference Test
2.5. Light–Dark Box
2.6. Stress Context Re-Exposure
2.7. Tissue Collection and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of PSS on Behavior
3.2. Effect of PSS on Brain Norepinephrine
3.3. Effect of PSS on Brain Dopamine, Metabolites, and Dopamine Turnover
3.4. Effect of PSS on Brain Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, and Serotonin Turnover
4. Discussion
4.1. Norepinephrine
4.2. Dopamine
4.3. Serotonin
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control (n = 8) + | Resilient (n = 8) | Susceptible (n = 6) | |
---|---|---|---|
Exposure freezing (s) | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
Re-exposure freezing (s) | 7.83 ± 14.06 | 18.50 ± 52.33 | 4 ± 7.27 |
EPM: time in OA (s) | 104.7 ± 14.08 | 88.01 ± 2.59 * | 43.49 ± 8.15 * |
EPM: time in CA (s) | 114.5 ± 6.81 | 138.9 ± 12.34 | 175.1 ± 16.63 |
EPM: OA entries (#) | 20.88 ± 5.12 | 17.38 ± 2.81 | 11.50 ± 3.37 |
EPM: CA entries (#) | 25.25 ± 3.08 | 34.63 ± 3.95 | 34.76 ± 7.90 |
Sucrose consumed (mL) | 82.13 ± 3.46 | 75.00 ± 1.77 * | 53.33 ± 5.00 * |
Sucrose preference (%) | 89.64 ± 2.43 | 87.86 ± 2.38 | 82.58 ± 4.49 |
L-D: time in dark (s) | 216.3 ± 35.15 | 298.4 ± 13.30 | 315 ± 31.17 |
L-D: time in light (s) | 383.8 ± 35.15 | 301.6 ± 31.17 | 285.0 ± 31.17 |
L-D: latency to dark (s) | 6.286 ± 2.41 | 13.38 ± 3.85 | 16.00 ± 6.29 |
L-D: latency to light (s) | 24.75 ± 7.48 | 23.00 ± 6.36 | 27.00 ± 8.05 |
Reference | Stress Model | Strain | Sex | NE | DA | DA Turnover | 5-HT | 5-HT Turnover | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mPFC | Morrow et al., 2000 [24] | Footshock | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Muneoka et al., 2020 [31] | Footshock | Sprague-Dawley | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
De La Garza & Mahoney, 2004 [25] | Forced swim | Wistar and WKY rats | Male | ↑ stressed v. CTRL ↔ Susceptible v. Resilient | ↓ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↓ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
Isingrini et al., 2016 [30] | Social defeat | C57BL/6 mice | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |||||
Hayley et al., 2001 [26] | Predator scent | C57BL/6ByJ & BALB/cByJ mice | Male | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Han et al., 2011 [27] | Post-weaning isolation | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ||
Wilson et al., 2014 [28] | Predator scent + psychosocial stress | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↓ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Tseilikman et al., 2020 [29] | Repeated predator scent | Wistar rats | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL ↑ Resilient v. CTRL | ↔ Susceptible & Resilient v. CTRL | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL ↔ Resilient v. Susceptible & CTRL | ↓ Susceptible v. CTRL ↔ Resilient v. Susceptible & CTRL | ↓ Susceptible v. CTRL ↔ Resilient v. Susceptible & CTRL | |
Morrow et al., 2000 [24] | Acute and repeated predator scent | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ||||
Present Results | Predator scent | Sprague-Dawley | Female | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↓Susceptible v. CTRL | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient ↑ Resilient v. CTRL | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
NAc | Morrow et al., 2000 [24] | Footshock | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Muneoka et al., 2020 [31] | Footshock | Sprague-Dawley | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↓ Susceptible v. Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
Isingrini et al., 2016 [30] | Social defeat | C57BL/6 mice | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |||||
Han et al., 2011 [27] | Post-weaning isolation | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ||
Morrow et al., 2000 [24] | Predator scent | Sprague-Dawley rats | Male | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ||||
Present Results | Predator scent | Sprague-Dawley | Female | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL ↑ Resilient v. CTRL | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
HIPP | Sziray et al., 2007 [49] | Footshock | Sprague-Dawley | Male | ↓ stressed v. CTRL | ↓ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Muneoka et al., 2020 [31] | Footshock | Sprague-Dawley | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
Hayley et al., 2001 [26] | Predator scent | C57BL/6ByJ & BALB/cByJ mice | Male | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Wilson et al., 2014 [28] | Repeated PSS + psychosocial stress | Sprague-Dawley | Male | ↑ stressed v. CTRL | ↔ stressed v. CTRL | ↓ stressed v. CTRL | |||
Tseilikman et al., 2020 [29] | Repeated predator scent | Wistar | Male | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↓ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↓ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | |
Present Results (vHIPP) | Predator scent | Sprague-Dawley | Female | ↑ Susceptible v. CTRL ↔ Resilient v. CTRL & Susceptible | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient | ↔ Susceptible v. CTRL & Resilient |
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Wilkinson, C.S.; Blount, H.L.; Schwendt, M.; Knackstedt, L.A. Brain Monoamine Dysfunction in Response to Predator Scent Stress Accompanies Stress-Susceptibility in Female Rats. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071055
Wilkinson CS, Blount HL, Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Brain Monoamine Dysfunction in Response to Predator Scent Stress Accompanies Stress-Susceptibility in Female Rats. Biomolecules. 2023; 13(7):1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071055
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilkinson, Courtney S., Harrison L. Blount, Marek Schwendt, and Lori A. Knackstedt. 2023. "Brain Monoamine Dysfunction in Response to Predator Scent Stress Accompanies Stress-Susceptibility in Female Rats" Biomolecules 13, no. 7: 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071055