Association of Altered Plasma Lipidome with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cohort
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Sample Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Altered Lipid Profiles in COVID-19 Patients in the Ward and ICU
3.2. Paired Analysis in Ward Patients
3.3. Correlation between Lipids and Immune Response Markers
4. Discussion
4.1. Sphingolipids Metabolism
4.2. Sphingoid Base 1-Phosphates
4.3. Glycerophospholipids
4.4. Glycerolipids and Other Neutral Lipids
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients (n = 44) | Samples (n = 103) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73 [49–87] | 71 [49–87] |
Male (%) | 30 (68%) | 65 (63%) |
BMI | 27 [19–42] | 27 [19–42] |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 9 (20%) | |
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 3 (7%) | |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | 7 (16%) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 8 (18%) | |
Past smoker | 17 (39%) | |
Pre-admission beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors | 14 (32%) | |
Pre-admission corticosteroids | 8 (18%) | |
Pre-admission chloroquine | 27 (61%) | |
Days with symptoms till hospitalization | 8 [1–19] | |
Total hospitalization days | 7 [2–62] | |
Admitted to ward | 37 (84%) | 78 (76%) |
Admitted to ICU | 7 (16%) | 25 (24%) |
Organ failure | 7 (16%) | |
Deceased | 9 (20%) | |
Unfavorable outcome (ICU or death) | 12 (27%) | 36 (35%) |
Invasive breathing support (intubated) | 6 (14%) | |
Post-admission chloroquine | 35 (80%) | |
Post-admission corticosteroids | 2 (5%) | |
Post-admission antibiotics | 38 (86%) | |
CRP, mg/L (normal < 10) | 104.5 [3–577] | |
IL6, pg/mL (normal < 8) | 19.3 [1–397] | |
Ferritin, ng/mL (normal 10–400) | 1035 [84–4807] | |
Leukocytes, 109/L (normal 4.5–11) | 8 [4–20.5] | |
Lymphocytes, 109/L (normal 0.8–5.0) | 0.95 [0.26–3.15] | |
Neutrophils, 109/L (normal 1.7–6.5) | 6.36 [2.3–17.5] | |
Age (years) | 73 [49–87] | 71 [49–87] |
Male (%) | 30 (68%) | 65 (63%) |
BMI | 27 [19–42] | 27 [19–42] |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 9 (20%) | |
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 3 (7%) | |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | 7 (16%) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 8 (18%) | |
Past smoker | 17 (39%) |
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Zhang, Z.; Karu, N.; Kindt, A.; Singh, M.; Lamont, L.; van Gammeren, A.J.; Ermens, A.A.M.; Harms, A.C.; Portengen, L.; Vermeulen, R.C.H.; et al. Association of Altered Plasma Lipidome with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030296
Zhang Z, Karu N, Kindt A, Singh M, Lamont L, van Gammeren AJ, Ermens AAM, Harms AC, Portengen L, Vermeulen RCH, et al. Association of Altered Plasma Lipidome with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(3):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030296
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhengzheng, Naama Karu, Alida Kindt, Madhulika Singh, Lieke Lamont, Adriaan J. van Gammeren, Anton A. M. Ermens, Amy C. Harms, Lutzen Portengen, Roel C. H. Vermeulen, and et al. 2024. "Association of Altered Plasma Lipidome with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients" Biomolecules 14, no. 3: 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030296