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Volume 14
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10.3390/biom14040434
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Article

Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker of Neonatal Brain Injury—New Perspectives for the Identification of Preterm Neonates at High Risk for Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage

by
Dimitra Metallinou
1,2,*,†,
Grigorios Karampas
3,†,
Maria-Loukia Pavlou
1,
Maria-Ioanna Louma
4,
Aimilia Mantzou
5,
Antigoni Sarantaki
1,
Christina Nanou
1,
Kleanthi Gourounti
1,
Maria Tzeli
1,
Nikoletta Pantelaki
1,
Evangelos Tzamakos
1,
Theodora Boutsikou
6,
Aikaterini Lykeridou
1 and
Nicoletta Iacovidou
6
1
Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
2
School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
3
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
4
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
5
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
6
Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2024, 14(4), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040434
Submission received: 20 January 2024 / Revised: 30 March 2024 / Accepted: 2 April 2024 / Published: 3 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Biomarkers Discovery for Molecular Diagnostics)
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Abstract

Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a critical condition for preterm neonates with potential long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This prospective longitudinal case–control study aimed at investigating the levels and prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) during the first 3 days of life in preterm neonates (<34 weeks) that later developed brain injury in the form of either periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during their hospitalization. Participants were recruited from one neonatal intensive care unit, and on the basis of birth weight and gestational age, we matched each case (n = 29) with a neonate who had a normal head ultrasound scan (n = 29). We report that serum NSE levels during the first three days of life do not differ significantly between control and preterm neonates with NBI. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis revealed that neonates with IVH had significantly higher concentrations of serum NSE in comparison to controls and neonates with PVL on the third day of life (p = 0.014 and p = 0.033, respectively). The same pattern on the levels of NSE on the third day of life was also observed between (a) neonates with IVH and all other neonates (PVL and control; p = 0.003), (b) neonates with II–IV degree IVH and all other neonates (p = 0.003), and (c) between control and the five (n = 5) neonates that died from the case group (p = 0.023). We conclude that NSE could be an effective and useful biomarker on the third day of life for the identification of preterm neonates at high risk of developing severe forms of IVH.
Keywords: neuron-specific enolase; serum; brain injury; preterm neonate; biomarkers; intraventricular hemorrhage; periventricular leukomalacia; neonatal intensive care unit neuron-specific enolase; serum; brain injury; preterm neonate; biomarkers; intraventricular hemorrhage; periventricular leukomalacia; neonatal intensive care unit

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MDPI and ACS Style

Metallinou, D.; Karampas, G.; Pavlou, M.-L.; Louma, M.-I.; Mantzou, A.; Sarantaki, A.; Nanou, C.; Gourounti, K.; Tzeli, M.; Pantelaki, N.; et al. Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker of Neonatal Brain Injury—New Perspectives for the Identification of Preterm Neonates at High Risk for Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040434

AMA Style

Metallinou D, Karampas G, Pavlou M-L, Louma M-I, Mantzou A, Sarantaki A, Nanou C, Gourounti K, Tzeli M, Pantelaki N, et al. Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker of Neonatal Brain Injury—New Perspectives for the Identification of Preterm Neonates at High Risk for Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(4):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040434

Chicago/Turabian Style

Metallinou, Dimitra, Grigorios Karampas, Maria-Loukia Pavlou, Maria-Ioanna Louma, Aimilia Mantzou, Antigoni Sarantaki, Christina Nanou, Kleanthi Gourounti, Maria Tzeli, Nikoletta Pantelaki, and et al. 2024. "Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker of Neonatal Brain Injury—New Perspectives for the Identification of Preterm Neonates at High Risk for Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage" Biomolecules 14, no. 4: 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040434

APA Style

Metallinou, D., Karampas, G., Pavlou, M.-L., Louma, M.-I., Mantzou, A., Sarantaki, A., Nanou, C., Gourounti, K., Tzeli, M., Pantelaki, N., Tzamakos, E., Boutsikou, T., Lykeridou, A., & Iacovidou, N. (2024). Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker of Neonatal Brain Injury—New Perspectives for the Identification of Preterm Neonates at High Risk for Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Biomolecules, 14(4), 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040434

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