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Systematic Review

Impact of Different Red Blood Cell Storage Solutions and Conditions on Cell Function and Viability: A Systematic Review

by
Linh Nguyen T. Tran
1,
Cristina González-Fernández
1,2 and
Jenifer Gomez-Pastora
1,*
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
2
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2024, 14(7), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070813
Submission received: 25 May 2024 / Revised: 1 July 2024 / Accepted: 5 July 2024 / Published: 8 July 2024

Abstract

Red blood cell (RBC) storage solutions have evolved significantly over the past decades to optimize the preservation of cell viability and functionality during hypothermic storage. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the effects of various storage solutions and conditions on critical RBC parameters during refrigerated preservation. A wide range of solutions, from basic formulations such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), to advanced additive solutions (ASs), like AS-7 and phosphate, adenine, glucose, guanosine, saline, and mannitol (PAGGSM), are systematically compared in terms of their ability to maintain key indicators of RBC integrity, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, morphology, and hemolysis. Optimal RBC storage requires a delicate balance of pH buffering, metabolic support, oxidative damage prevention, and osmotic regulation. While the latest alkaline solutions enable up to 8 weeks of storage, some degree of metabolic and morphological deterioration remains inevitable. The impacts of critical storage conditions, such as the holding temperature, oxygenation, anticoagulants, irradiation, and processing methods, on the accumulation of storage lesions are also thoroughly investigated. Personalized RBC storage solutions, tailored to individual donor characteristics, represent a promising avenue for minimizing storage lesions and enhancing transfusion outcomes. Further research integrating omics profiling with customized preservation media is necessary to maximize post-transfusion RBC survival and functions. The continued optimization of RBC storage practices will not only enhance transfusion efficacy but also enable blood banking to better meet evolving clinical needs.
Keywords: red blood cells (RBCs); storage solution; storage lesion; blood banking; storage conditions red blood cells (RBCs); storage solution; storage lesion; blood banking; storage conditions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tran, L.N.T.; González-Fernández, C.; Gomez-Pastora, J. Impact of Different Red Blood Cell Storage Solutions and Conditions on Cell Function and Viability: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070813

AMA Style

Tran LNT, González-Fernández C, Gomez-Pastora J. Impact of Different Red Blood Cell Storage Solutions and Conditions on Cell Function and Viability: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(7):813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070813

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tran, Linh Nguyen T., Cristina González-Fernández, and Jenifer Gomez-Pastora. 2024. "Impact of Different Red Blood Cell Storage Solutions and Conditions on Cell Function and Viability: A Systematic Review" Biomolecules 14, no. 7: 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070813

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