Association of IL-9 Cytokines with Hepatic Injury in Echinococcus granulosus Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Mice
2.3. Cells
2.4. Preparation of E. granulosus and EgP
2.5. Mouse Model of E. granulosus Infection and In Vivo Blockade
2.6. Preparation of PBMCs
2.7. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
2.8. Western Blot
2.9. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAs) and Liver Enzyme Assays
2.10. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
2.11. Immunohistochemical Staining (IHC)
2.12. Fluorescence-Based Multiplex Immunohistochemistry (mIHC) Staining
2.13. Data Analysis
2.14. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Expression of TLR2 and IL-9 Increased in CE
3.2. The Expression of TLR2 Increased with the Time of Infection
3.3. Injection of Anti-IL-9 Reduced TLR2 in E. granulosus-Infected Mice
3.4. The Effects of Immunity and Fibrosis Play an Important Role in RAW264.7 and HSCs
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | HC | CE | p |
---|---|---|---|
Case | 20 | 20 | |
Sex (male/female) | 9:11 | 7:13 | |
Age (years) | 37.65 ± 10.38 | 38.55 ± 18.22 | |
BMI | 26.75 ± 3.55 | 22.85 ± 4.65 | |
Location (right/left) | 0 | 5:15 | |
AST (U/L) | 20.48 ± 4.51 | 29.52 ± 10.31 | *** |
ALT (U/L) | 20.75 ± 10.88 | 29.74 ± 16.18 | * |
Primers Name | Primers Sequences (5′ to 3′) | Length (bp) | |
---|---|---|---|
Mus-TLR2 | Forward | ATGCTTCGTTGTTCCCTGTGTTG | 23 |
Reverse | AGTGGTTGTCGCCTGCTTCC | 20 | |
Mus-MyD88 | Forward | GCAGAACCAGGAGTCCGAGAAG | 22 |
Reverse | GATGCCTCCCAGTTCCTTTGTTTG | 24 | |
Mus-NF-κB p65 | Forward | ATGGGAAACCGTATGAGCCTGTG | 23 |
Reverse | AGTTGTAGCCTCGTGTCTTCTGTC | 24 | |
Mus-IL-9 | Forward | GATGCGGCTGATTGTTT | 17 |
Reverse | CTCGTGCTCACTGTGGAGT | 19 | |
Mus-α-SMA | Forward | TTCGTGACTACTGCCGAGC | 19 |
Reverse | GTCAGGCAGTTCGTAGCTCT | 20 | |
Mus-Collagen I | Forward | CCCTGGTCCCTCTGGAAATG | 20 |
Reverse | GGACCTTTGCCCCCTTCTTT | 20 | |
Mus-GAPDH | Forward | GGTTGTCTCCTGCGACTTCA | 20 |
Reverse | TGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACTCC | 21 | |
Homo-TLR2 | Forward | CTCCCAGCAGGAACATCTGCTA | 21 |
Reverse | CCAGGAATGAAGTCCCGCTTA | 21 | |
Homo-MyD88 | Forward | CGCCGCCTGTCTCTGTTCTTG | 21 |
Reverse | GGTCCGCTTGTGTCTCCAGTTG | 22 | |
Homo-NF-κB p65 | Forward | GCAGTTTGATGATGAAGACC | 20 |
Reverse | CTGTCACTAGGCGAGT | 16 | |
Homo-IL-9 | Forward | GATCCAGCTTCCAAGTGCCACTG | 23 |
Reverse | AAGCATGGTCTGGTGCAGTTGTC | 23 | |
Homo-GAPDH | Forward | CAGGAGGCATTGCTGATGAT | 20 |
Reverse | GAAGGCTGGGGCTCATTT | 18 |
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Zhou, T.; Xu, X.; Zhu, J.; Aizezi, M.; Aierken, A.; Meng, M.; He, R.; Aimulajiang, K.; Wen, H. Association of IL-9 Cytokines with Hepatic Injury in Echinococcus granulosus Infection. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14081007
Zhou T, Xu X, Zhu J, Aizezi M, Aierken A, Meng M, He R, Aimulajiang K, Wen H. Association of IL-9 Cytokines with Hepatic Injury in Echinococcus granulosus Infection. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(8):1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14081007
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Tanfang, Xinlu Xu, Jiang Zhu, Mayire Aizezi, Aili Aierken, Menggen Meng, Rongdong He, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, and Hao Wen. 2024. "Association of IL-9 Cytokines with Hepatic Injury in Echinococcus granulosus Infection" Biomolecules 14, no. 8: 1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14081007