The Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Function of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Biology through RNA Regulation
2.1. RNA-Binding Proteins Affect Cardiovascular Diseases through Polyadenylation
2.2. RNA-Binding Proteins Influence Cardiovascular Diseases by Regulating RNA Alternative Splicing
2.3. RNA-Binding Proteins Influence Cardiovascular Diseases by Regulating RNA Modification
2.4. RNA-Binding Proteins Affect Cardiovascular Diseases through RNA Editing
3. The Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases
3.1. The Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Heart Muscle Injury
3.2. The Relationship between Arrhythmias and RNA-Binding Proteins
3.3. The Relationship between Myocardial Infarction and RNA-Binding Proteins
3.4. The Interaction between Heart Failure and RNA-Binding Proteins
4. Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Progress of RBPs in Cardiovascular Disease
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RBPs | Amino Acids/aa | Mass/Da | Expression or Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases | Function | Targets | Organism | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBNL1 | 343 | 36,551 | Increased | Regulates VSMC proliferation and differentiation | Not explicitly mentioned, but involved in miR-30b-5p interaction | Homo sapiens | [19] |
PCBP2 | 335 | 35,347 | Decreased | Inhibits hypertrophy | GPR56 mRNA | Homo sapiens, Mus musculus | [16] |
CELF1 | 486 | 52,107 | Decreases in adult heart; increases during heart development and in response to cardiac stress | Regulates alternative splicing | Not explicitly mentioned | Mus musculus | [20] |
SF1 | 111 | 11,695 | Increased | Regulation of steroidogenesis | Steroidogenic enzymes | Homo sapiens | [21] |
ZRSR2 | 462 | 54,905 | Increased | Splicing | Not explicitly mentioned | Branchiostoma lanceolatum | [22] |
SRSF4 | 489 | 55,979 | Decreased | Inhibits hypertrophy | GAS5 (growth arrest-specific 5) | Mus musculus | [23] |
SRSF5 | 55 | 6205 | Increased | Facilitates production of p19 H-RAS | p19 H-RAS | Homo sapiens | [24] |
CIRP | 172 | 18,648 | Increases under chemotherapy-induced stress | Inhibits apoptosis | OGFR mRNA | Homo sapiens | [25] |
RBFOX2 | 449 | 47,330 | Decreases under pressure overload-induced heart failure | Regulates splicing | Exon of fxr1 | Mus musculus | [26,27] |
FTO | 505 | 58,282 | Decreases in failing mammalian hearts and hypoxic cardiomyocytes | Regulates cardiac contractility | SERCA2A, MYH6/7, RYR2 | Homo sapiens | [28] |
METTL3 | 580 | 64,616 | Increases in response to hypertrophic stimulation | Catalyzes m6A methylation, promoting cardiac hypertrophy | mRNAs encoding kinases involved in the MAPK pathway, such as SERCA2A, MYH6/7, and RYR2. | Mus musculus | [29] |
RBPs | Amino Acids/aa | Mass/Da | Expression or Activity in Cardiac Diseases | Function | Targets | Study Model | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIRI | |||||||
ELAVL1 | 326 | 36,153 | Upregulated | Promotes ferroptosis, modulates autophagy | Beclin-1, FOXC1 | Mus musculus | [50] |
SRSF10 | 262 | 31,301 | Downregulated | Regulates splicing of key muscle genes | MEF2A, CASQ2, TTN | Homo sapiens | [51] |
QKI-5 | 341 | 37,671 | Downregulated | Enhances ischemic tolerance, reduces apoptosis | FOXO1 pathway | Mus musculus | [52] |
cardiac arrhythmias | |||||||
QKI-6 | 341 | 37,671 | Downregulated | Regulates splicing of HDAC7, promotes VSMC differentiation | HDAC7, SM22 | Homo sapiens | [53,54] |
CIRP | 172 | 18,607 | Upregulated | Prevents AF onset by posttranscriptionally regulating ion channels | Kv1.5 and Kv4.2/4.3 ion channels | Mus musculus | [55] |
MI | |||||||
RBM15 | 962 | 105,722 | Upregulated | Stabilizes m6A modification, improves cardiac function | NEDD8 | Mus musculus | [56] |
IGF2BP2 | 592 | 65,584 | Upregulated | Modulates RNA localization, enhances stress response | Sarcomeric and mitochondrial proteins | Mus musculus | [57] |
LIN28A | 209 | 22,720 | Upregulated | Inhibits cardiac remodeling and apoptosis, improves cardiac function | UPF1 | Mus musculus | [58,59] |
RbFox1 | 396 | 42,678 | Downregulated | Regulates the alternative splicing of Cav1.2 channels | Exon 9* and exon 33 of the Cav1.2 calcium channel gene | Mus musculus | [60] |
RbFox2 | 449 | 47,330 | Downregulated | Regulates the alternative splicing of Cav1.2 channels | Exon 9* and exon 33 of the Cav1.2 calcium channel gene | Mus musculus | [60] |
SRSF3 | 164 | 19,330 | Downregulated | Prevents mRNA decapping involved in cardiac contraction | mTOR mRNA | Mus musculus | [61] |
HF | |||||||
Cpeb4 | 729 | 80,122 | Dynamically expressed in cardiomyocytes | Regulates cardiac remodeling | Zeb1, Zbtb20 | Mus musculus | [62,63] |
LIN28A | 209 | 22,720 | Upregulated | Regulates cardiac remodeling genes, alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, promotes cardiac regeneration | lncRNA H19, let-7 miRNA | Mus musculus | [64,65,66,67,68] |
FUS | 518 | 52,673 | Downregulated | Regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis | circFndc3b, KCNQ1OT1 | Mus musculus | [69,70] |
RBM20 | 1199 | 130,124 | Upregulated | Splicing regulation | cTTN1, titin | Mus musculus | [71,72] |
YTHDF2 | 579 | 62,280 | Upregulated | Suppresses cardiac hypertrophy via m6A-dependent regulation of Myh7 mRNA | Myh7 mRNA | Mus musculus | [73] |
RBM25 | 843 | 100,185 | Upregulated | Mediates abnormal mRNA splicing of SCN5A, reducing Na+ channel current | SCN5A mRNA | Homo sapiens | [74] |
LUC7L3 | 118 | 13,445 | Upregulated | Mediates abnormal mRNA splicing of SCN5A, reducing Na+ channel current | SCN5A mRNA | Homo sapiens | [74] |
TDP-43 | 414 | 44,740 | Upregulated | Promotes cardiac muscle degeneration | Not explicitly mentioned | Homo sapiens | [75,76] |
CUGBP1 | 486 | 52,107 | Upregulated | Disrupts splicing in DM1 | Not explicitly mentioned | Mus musculus | [77] |
RBFOX2 | 449 | 47,330 | Downregulated | Regulates alternative splicing | Rho GTPase cycling genes | Mus musculus | [78] |
QKI-5 | 341 | 37,671 | Downregulated | Inhibits doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage | Ttn (titin), Fhod3, Strn3 | Mus musculus | [79] |
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Lin, L.; Chu, J.; An, S.; Liu, X.; Tan, R. The Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091056
Lin L, Chu J, An S, Liu X, Tan R. The Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(9):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091056
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Lizhu, Jiemei Chu, Sanqi An, Xinli Liu, and Runxian Tan. 2024. "The Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases" Biomolecules 14, no. 9: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091056