Serum N-Glycan Changes in Rats Chronically Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Animal Study
2.3. Enzymatic Release of N-Glycans
2.4. Purification, Reduction, and Permethylation of N-Glycans
2.5. LC-MS Analysis
2.6. LC-PRM-MS Data Validation
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. N-Glycan Profiling in Control and GBH-Exposed Groups
3.2. Unsupervised PCA for Comparative N-Glycomics Analysis
3.3. N-Glycan Heterogeneity
3.4. Differentially Expressed N-Glycans
3.5. PRM Validation
3.6. Expression Analysis/Cluster Heatmaps
3.7. Box Plots and ROC Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N-Glycan Composition | Putative N-GLYCAN Structure | Control | GBH- Exposed | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value * | Fold Change (FC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-5-1-2-0 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0003 | 0.005 | 1.59 | |
4-5-0-2-0 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 4 ± 1 | 0.0007 | 0.006 | 1.68 | |
4-6-1-2-0 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 1.72 | |
4-7-0-1-0 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 1.36 | |
5-6-1-2-0 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.32 | |
3-5-1-0-1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.33 | |
4-6-1-0-1 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.24 | |
7-7-0-3-0 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.30 | |
7-7-1-2-0 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.46 | |
3-4-0-0-0 | 0.091 ± 0.009 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.76 | |
4-4-1-1-0 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.75 | |
3-6-1-0-0 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.010 ± 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.59 | |
3-3-1-0-0 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.006 | 0.01 | 0.75 | |
3-4-1-0-0 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.75 | |
4-5-0-0-1 | 0.17 ± 0.08 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.80 | |
4-6-1-1-0 | 5 ± 1 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.84 | |
3-6-0-1-0 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.61 ± 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.91 | |
7-5-1-0-1 | 0.020 ± 0.009 | 0.012 ± 0.007 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.60 |
N-Glycan Composition | Putative N-Glycan Structure | Control | GBH- Exposed | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value * | Fold Change (FC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-5-1-0-1 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.45 | |
4-5-1-0-1 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 1.65 | |
4-6-0-1-0 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 1.67 | |
4-6-1-2-0 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 1.80 | |
6-6-1-1-0 | 0.016 ± 0.006 | 0.029 ± 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 1.76 | |
3-4-0-0-0 | 0.090 ± 0.009 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.73 | |
4-5-0-0-1 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.77 | |
4-4-1-1-0 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.71 | |
7-5-1-0-1 | 0.016 ± 0.006 | 0.008 ± 0.006 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.49 | |
4-5-3-0-1 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 0.006 | 0.03 | 0.78 | |
4-7-1-0-1 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.74 | |
7-7-0-3-0 ** | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.41 |
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Adeniyi, M.; Gutierrez Reyes, C.D.; Chávez-Reyes, J.; Marichal-Cancino, B.A.; Solomon, J.; Fowowe, M.; Onigbinde, S.; Flores-Rodriguez, J.A.; Bhuiyan, M.M.A.A.; Mechref, Y. Serum N-Glycan Changes in Rats Chronically Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091077
Adeniyi M, Gutierrez Reyes CD, Chávez-Reyes J, Marichal-Cancino BA, Solomon J, Fowowe M, Onigbinde S, Flores-Rodriguez JA, Bhuiyan MMAA, Mechref Y. Serum N-Glycan Changes in Rats Chronically Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(9):1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091077
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdeniyi, Moyinoluwa, Cristian D. Gutierrez Reyes, Jesús Chávez-Reyes, Bruno A. Marichal-Cancino, Joy Solomon, Mojibola Fowowe, Sherifdeen Onigbinde, Jorge A. Flores-Rodriguez, Md Mostofa Al Amin Bhuiyan, and Yehia Mechref. 2024. "Serum N-Glycan Changes in Rats Chronically Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides" Biomolecules 14, no. 9: 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091077