Prognostic Value of Circulating Fibrosis Biomarkers in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Insights into Clinical Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Enrollment, Follow-Up, and End Points
2.2. Biomarker Measurement
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics
3.2. Differences in Patient Characteristics by Biomarker Cut-Off Levels
3.3. Outcome Measures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Patients (Max. N = 185) |
---|---|
Age, mean (SD), years | 55.0 (13.1) |
Males, n (%) | 117 (63.2) |
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.6 (6.2) |
Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 122 (84.1) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 20 (14.3) |
Tobacco smoking | |
Current smoker, n (%) | 26 (27.4) |
Never smoker, (%) | 40 (42.1) |
Quit smoking, n (%) | 29 (30.5) |
Alcohol excess *, n (%) | 0 (0.0) |
Family history of CV disease, n (%) | 19 (14.7) |
Lipid profile | |
Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 189.0 (42.7) |
High-density lipoprotein, mean (SD), mg/dL | 48.2 (14.9) |
Low-density lipoprotein, mean (SD), mg/dL | 113.1 (30.0) |
Triglyceride, mean (SD), mg/dL | 174.1 (110.8) |
White blood cell count, mean (SD),/nL | 8.3 (3.5) |
Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dL | 13.7 (1.8) |
Serum creatinine, mean (SD), mg/dL | 1.1 (0.9) |
NT-proBNP, median (IQR), ng/L | 1027.0 [278.0; 3588.0] |
hs-TNT, median (IQR), pg/mL | 16.0 [9.0; 36.0] |
Heart rate, mean (SD), beats/min | 79.2 (19.5) |
Left bundle-branch block, n (%) | 5 (25.0) |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 42 (22.8) |
Blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | |
Systolic | 125.1 (16.9) |
Diastolic | 74.1 (14.3) |
Dyspnoea, n (%) | |
NYHA I | 30 (54.5) |
NYHA II | 9 (16.4) |
NYHA III | 7 (12.7) |
NYHA IV | 9 (16.4) |
6MWT, mean (SD), m | 395.5 (185.4) |
VO2 max, mean (SD), mL/(kg·min) | 16.0 (6.1) |
Medication at first visit | |
Beta blocker | 137 (75.3) |
RAS inhibitor | 140 (76.9) |
Echocardiography | |
LV ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 31.6 (12.5) |
Cardiac MRI data | |
LV ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 40.3 (13.2) |
LV stroke volume, mean (SD), mL | 92.5 (29.1) |
LV-ESV index, mean (SD), mL/m2 | 76.9 (41.4) |
LV-EDV index, mean (SD), mL/m2 | 121.1 (40.6) |
LV-ESD index, mean (SD), mm/m2 | 24.1 (6.4) |
LV-EDD index, mean (SD), mm/m2 | 30.5 (5.3) |
LV mass index, mean (SD), g/m2 | 59.9 (19.3) |
Septum wall thickness, mean (SD), mm | 9.6 (2.2) |
RV-EDD index, mean (SD), mm/m2 | 23.7 (4.3) |
LA diameter, mean (SD), mm | 39.5 (8.8) |
MAPSE, mean (SD), mm | 8.9 (3.2) |
TAPSE, mean (SD), mm | 18.6 (5.0) |
Extent of late gadolinium enhancement, %, SD | 4.5 (3.0) |
Biomarker | All Patients (Max. N = 185) |
---|---|
MMP-1, median (IQR), ng/L | 566.71 [328.2, 960.6] |
MMP-2, median (IQR),ng/mL | 1385.0 [1119.9, 1785.5] |
MMP-3, median (IQR), ng/L | 6617.4 [4417.1, 8957.4] |
MMP-8, median (IQR), ng/L | 3756.6 [1736.6, 7914.2] |
MMP-9, median (IQR), ng/mL | 116.8 [59.4, 226.7] |
TIMP-1, median (IQR), ng/mL | 104.5 [78.2, 144.0] |
LAP, median (IQR), ng/L | 10362.0 [6457.0, 15039.5] |
GDF-15, median (IQR), ng/L | 1049.0 [708.2, 2041.1] |
OPN, median (IQR), ng/mL | 52.8 [35.9, 75.2] |
Syndecan-1, median (IQR), ng/L | 4038.7 [2735.2, 5430.4] |
Syndecan-4, median (IQR), ng/L | 2198.09 [1508.0, 2919.7] |
Soluble ST2, median (IQR), ng/mL | 13.4 [10.1, 19.2] |
Galectin-3, median (IQR), ng/mL | 11.6 [9.3, 15.7] |
Variable | Cut-Off | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV | NPV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MMP-2 | >1519.3 ng/mL | 86 | 65 | 17 | 98 |
TIMP-1 | >124.9 ng/mL | 86 | 70 | 19 | 98 |
GDF-15 | >1213.9 ng/L | 86 | 61 | 15 | 98 |
OPN | >81.7 ng/mL | 71 | 83 | 26 | 97 |
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Kayvanpour, E.; Sedaghat-Hamedani, F.; Li, D.T.; Miersch, T.; Weis, T.; Hoefer, I.; Frey, N.; Meder, B. Prognostic Value of Circulating Fibrosis Biomarkers in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Insights into Clinical Outcomes. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091137
Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Li DT, Miersch T, Weis T, Hoefer I, Frey N, Meder B. Prognostic Value of Circulating Fibrosis Biomarkers in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Insights into Clinical Outcomes. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(9):1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091137
Chicago/Turabian StyleKayvanpour, Elham, Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani, Daniel Tian Li, Tobias Miersch, Tanja Weis, Imo Hoefer, Norbert Frey, and Benjamin Meder. 2024. "Prognostic Value of Circulating Fibrosis Biomarkers in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Insights into Clinical Outcomes" Biomolecules 14, no. 9: 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091137