Ecological Network Construction Based on Red, Green and Blue Space: A Case Study of Dali City, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Pre-Processing
2.3. Research Methodology
2.3.1. Habitat Network Construction
- (1)
- Ecological source area identification
- (2)
- Ecological resistance surface construction
- (3)
- Ecological network construction and optimization
2.3.2. Water Green Network Construction
2.3.3. Landscape Network Construction
2.3.4. Recreation Network Construction
2.3.5. Corridor Width Optimization
2.3.6. Multi-Scale Nesting and Multi-Target Integration
3. Results
3.1. Municipal Network Construction
- (1)
- Habitat network
- (2)
- Water Green Network
- (3)
- Landscape networks
3.2. Network Construction in Main Urban
- (1)
- Habitat networks
- (2)
- Water Green Network
- (3)
- Recreation Network
3.3. Complex Ecological Network Construction
3.3.1. Appropriate Widths for Different Corridors
3.3.2. Nested Multi-Scale Ecological Networks
3.3.3. Multi-Targeted Ecological Network Integration
3.3.4. Multi-Functional Composite Ecological Network Pattern Optimization Strategy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- In the “source-corridor-key node” ecological network, 3.65 km2 of overlapping ecological sources was identified, mainly concentrated in the main urban area of the study area. There are 11 overlapping ecological corridors, 3 stormwater corridors, and 17 recreational corridors. The overlapping areas are the key to achieving overall ecological sustainability and biodiversity in the region and should be protected as a priority.
- (2)
- Two overlapping pinch points, three obstacle points, four wetland nodes, and seven open space nodes were identified between the municipal and the main urban area. The ecological pinch points and barrier points are areas where species migration and movement between source areas are strongly impeded, and ecological problems can be addressed through the nested integration of multi-scale spatial structures.
- (3)
- The triple-function corridors are mainly distributed in the central part of the study area and around Erhai Lake, with stormwater corridors and recreational corridors dominating in the west and ecological corridors mostly distributed in Fengyi Town and Haidong Town in the southeast. Therefore, in the future, the protection of Shuanglang Town and Xiaguan Town should be increased to build ecological sources and ecological corridors with stronger connectivity. At the same time, the protection of ecologically fragile areas in the west and south should be increased to reduce ecological damage and prohibit indiscriminate logging and deforestation to maintain ecological functions.
- (4)
- This study emphasizes the importance of a composite ecological network for ecological sustainability, which can be applied to different levels of territorial space restoration. In terms of constructing low corridors, corridors can be constructed through measures such as restricting land development and implementing vegetation restoration. In addition, according to the actual situation, additional protective measures can be installed in the watersheds where the population is concentrated, at the policy level, in order to strictly control the pollution of the watersheds caused by agricultural production and the sewage discharge from domestic life. This study can provide a reference for the composite ecological network of similar cities.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scale | Drag Factor | Resistance Value Rating | Weight | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
Municipal | Land use type | Forest, waters | Grasslands | Cultivated land | Unutilized land | Building land | 0.28 |
Elevation (m) | <1500 | 1500–2000 | 2000–2500 | 2500–3000 | >3000 | 0.19 | |
Slope (°) | 0–6.20 | 6.20–14.63 | 14.63–23.20 | 23.20–33.33 | 33.33–70.99 | 0.14 | |
NDVI | −0.21 | 0.02–0.16 | 0.16–0.25 | 0.25–0.34 | 0.34–0.56 | 0.06 | |
Main urban | Land use type | Forest | Water | Cultivated land | Unutilized land | Building land | 0.24 |
Elevation (m) | <2000 | 2000–2100 | 2100–2200 | 2200–2300 | >2300 | 0.15 | |
Slope (°) | 0–6.05 | 6.05–18.45 | 18.45–31.69 | 31.69–45.87 | 45.87–75.22 | 0.15 | |
NDVI | −0.14 | 0.01–0.11 | 0.11–0.20 | 0.20–0.29 | 0.29–0.55 | 0.06 | |
Distance from river (m) | <500 | 500–1000 | 1000–1500 | 1500–2000 | >2000 | 0.07 | |
Distance from road (m) | <500 | 500–1000 | 1000–1500 | 1500–2000 | >2000 | 0.07 | |
Distance from residential area (m) | <1000 | 1000–2000 | 2000–3000 | 3000–4000 | >4000 | 0.12 | |
Nighttime Light index | <5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | >20 | 0.14 |
Category | Indicator Layer | Evaluation Criteria | Weight |
---|---|---|---|
Accessibility | Resource accessibility | Assign 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 points for distance from landscape nodes | 0.18 |
Accessibility to transportation facilities | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from important transportation terminals | 0.29 | |
Existing linear landscape resources | Assigned 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 points for distance from existing linear landscape resources | 0.12 | |
Scenic | Characteristic of the place | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points according to whether it is a historical and cultural district under key protection and has good landscape and windscape | 0.12 |
River | Assign 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from the river | 0.08 | |
NDVI | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points were assigned according to the vegetation cover class | 0.05 | |
Serviceability | Distribution density of visitor services | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points according to space heat level | 0.08 |
Distribution density of civic service facilities | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points based on space heat level | 0.08 |
Level 1 Element | Secondary Element | Evaluation Methodology | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Element | Weight | Element | Weight | |
Ecological background | 0.16 | Elevation | 0.1 | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points are assigned according to the slope classification |
NDVI | 0.06 | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points were assigned according to the vegetation cover class | ||
Natural resources | 0.4 | River | 0.12 | Assign 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from the river |
City parks and squares | 0.18 | Distance from city parks and squares are given 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points | ||
Forest parks, scenic areas | 0.1 | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for the popularity, grade and area of forest parks and scenic areas | ||
Human resources | 0.24 | Unit of cultural relic protection | 0.08 | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from the heritage conservation unit |
Characteristic Historical Neighborhoods | 0.08 | 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 points for distance from the Distinctive Historic District | ||
Museums | 0.08 | Assigned 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from the museum respectively | ||
Transportation facilities | 0.2 | Road traffic network | 0.06 | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points given for distance from road traffic network |
Major transportation terminal | 0.04 | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from important transportation terminals | ||
Slow-moving road network | 0.1 | Assign 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 points for distance from the slow-moving road network |
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Chen, R.; Zhang, S.; Huang, X.; Li, X.; Peng, J. Ecological Network Construction Based on Red, Green and Blue Space: A Case Study of Dali City, China. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2024, 13, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080279
Chen R, Zhang S, Huang X, Li X, Peng J. Ecological Network Construction Based on Red, Green and Blue Space: A Case Study of Dali City, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2024; 13(8):279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080279
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Rong, Shunmin Zhang, Xiaoyuan Huang, Xiang Li, and Jiansong Peng. 2024. "Ecological Network Construction Based on Red, Green and Blue Space: A Case Study of Dali City, China" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 8: 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080279