A Comparative Study of Spatial and Temporal Preferences for Waterfronts in Wuhan based on Gender Differences in Check-In Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Preprocessing
3. Methods
3.1. Calculation of Relative Difference
3.2. Data Standardization by Ratio Scale
3.3. Cluster Analysis
3.4. Kernel Density Estimation
4. Results
4.1. Spatial and Temporal Changes in the Check-in Quantity of Different Genders within the Waterfront
4.2. Each Lake Buffer Zone Has Different Gender Sign-in Point Densities
4.3. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Different Genders’ Check-In Points in Each Lake Buffer Zone
4.4. Distribution Characteristics of POI around Lakes with Gender Difference
4.4.1. Nuclear Density and Cluster Thermodynamic Analysis
4.4.2. Characteristics of Waterfront Preference and Willingness Based on Gender Difference
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Week | Male | Female | |
---|---|---|---|
Weekday | 22.30% | 43.10% | 0.63 |
Weekend | 11.70% | 22.90% | 0.65 |
Mon | 4.69% | 8.96% | 0.62 |
Tue | 4.29% | 8.28% | 0.63 |
Wed | 4.19% | 8.15% | 0.64 |
Thu | 4.47% | 8.51% | 0.62 |
Fri | 4.66% | 9.19% | 0.65 |
Sat | 5.87% | 11.28% | 0.63 |
Sun | 5.83% | 11.63% | 0.66 |
Lake | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Check-ins | Area (km²) | Density | Number of Check-ins | Area (km²) | Density | |
Shuiguo Lake | 16234 | 4.15 | 3911.81 | 36387 | 4.15 | 8767.95 |
Sand Lake | 21890 | 14.91 | 1468.14 | 49863 | 14.91 | 3344.27 |
Yangchun Lake | 8951 | 7.84 | 1141.71 | 10346 | 7.84 | 1319.64 |
Shai Lake | 4097 | 3.99 | 1026.82 | 6654 | 3.99 | 1667.67 |
South Lake | 30407 | 31.93 | 952.30 | 65978 | 31.93 | 2066.33 |
East Lake | 64127 | 88.32 | 726.08 | 121489 | 88.32 | 1375.55 |
Yezhi Lake | 8410 | 12.75 | 659.61 | 18023 | 12.75 | 1413.57 |
Lotus Lake | 2634 | 4.03 | 653.60 | 4595 | 4.03 | 1140.20 |
Ziyang Lake | 2569 | 4.23 | 607.33 | 6155 | 4.23 | 1455.08 |
Houxiang River | 1786 | 3.69 | 484.01 | 2225 | 3.69 | 602.98 |
Simei Pond | 1720 | 4.37 | 393.59 | 1921 | 4.37 | 439.59 |
Small South Lake | 961 | 3.25 | 295.69 | 2674 | 3.25 | 822.77 |
Machine Pond | 1020 | 3.85 | 264.94 | 2645 | 3.85 | 687.01 |
North Lake | 932 | 3.78 | 246.56 | 2450 | 3.78 | 648.15 |
West Lake | 827 | 3.54 | 233.62 | 2102 | 3.54 | 593.79 |
Huanzi Lake | 704 | 3.97 | 177.33 | 1635 | 3.97 | 411.84 |
Chestnut Lake | 576 | 3.89 | 148.07 | 1389 | 3.89 | 357.07 |
Moon Lake | 507 | 7.24 | 70.03 | 1176 | 7.24 | 162.43 |
Moshui Lake | 485 | 18.1 | 26.80 | 1093 | 18.1 | 60.39 |
Longyang Lake | 199 | 9.37 | 21.24 | 487 | 9.37 | 5.17 |
Tazi Lake | 69 | 5.17 | 13.35 | 120 | 5.17 | 23.21 |
Lake | Male | Female |
---|---|---|
Shuiguo Lake | 1 | 1 |
Sand Lake | 2 | 2 |
South Lake | 3 | 3 |
Shai Lake | 4 | 4 |
Ziyang Lake | 9 | 5 |
Yezhi Lake | 7 | 6 |
East Lake | 6 | 7 |
Yangchun Lake | 3 | 8 |
Lotus Lake | 8 | 9 |
Small South Lake r | 12 | 10 |
Machine Pond | 13 | 11 |
North Lake | 14 | 12 |
Houxiang River | 10 | 13 |
West Lake | 15 | 14 |
Simei Pond | 11 | 15 |
Huanzi Lake | 16 | 16 |
Chestnut Lake | 17 | 17 |
Moon Lake | 18 | 18 |
Moshui Lake | 19 | 19 |
Longyang Lake | 20 | 20 |
Tazi Lake | 21 | 21 |
Gender | Cluster | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
Time | 10:00 | 13:24 | 19:04 | 5:01 | |
Number | 2311.56 | 477.93 | 791.33 | 122.46 | |
Male | Number of cases | 2 | 243 | 86 | 173 |
Valid Invalid | 504 0 | ||||
Time | 19:50 | 13:59 | 10:00 | 5:40 | |
Number | 840.75 | 497.60 | 2331.23 | 136.88 | |
Female | Number of cases | 70 | 230 | 4 | 200 |
Valid Invalid | 504 0 |
Lake | Male | Female |
---|---|---|
North Lake | A | B |
East Lake | A | B |
Chestnut Lake | A | B |
South Lake | A | B |
Sand Lake | A | B |
Shai Lake | A | B |
Shuiguo Lak | A | B |
West Lake | A | B |
Yezhi Lake | A | B |
Longyang Lake | A | C |
Moshui Lake | A | C |
Small South Lake | A | C |
Moon Lake | A | C |
Machine Pond | A | D |
Ziyang Lake | A | D |
Lotus Lake | B | D |
Simei Pond | D | B |
Tazi Lake | B | B |
Houxiang River | C | C |
Huanzi Lake | C | C |
Yangchun Lake | E | E |
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Wu, J.; Li, J.; Ma, Y. A Comparative Study of Spatial and Temporal Preferences for Waterfronts in Wuhan based on Gender Differences in Check-In Behavior. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090413
Wu J, Li J, Ma Y. A Comparative Study of Spatial and Temporal Preferences for Waterfronts in Wuhan based on Gender Differences in Check-In Behavior. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8(9):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090413
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jing, Jingwen Li, and Yue Ma. 2019. "A Comparative Study of Spatial and Temporal Preferences for Waterfronts in Wuhan based on Gender Differences in Check-In Behavior" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9: 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090413
APA StyleWu, J., Li, J., & Ma, Y. (2019). A Comparative Study of Spatial and Temporal Preferences for Waterfronts in Wuhan based on Gender Differences in Check-In Behavior. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(9), 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090413