Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Evaluation of Root Area, Biomass, and Plant Water Content
2.2. Photosynthetic Efficiency
3. Discussion
3.1. Evaluation of Root Area, Biomass, and Plant Water Content
3.2. Photosynthetic Efficiency
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Species
4.2. Seed Collection
4.3. Pot Experiment
4.3.1. Evaluation of Root Area, Biomass, and Plant Water Content
4.3.2. Photosynthethic Efficiency
- F0 is the minimum fluorescence value and represents emission by the excited chlorophyll a molecule in the antenna structure of Photosystem II.
- Fm is the maximum fluorescence value obtained after the application of a saturation pulse to the dark-adapted leaf.
- Fv is the variable fluorescence, and it denotes the variable component of the recording and relates to the maximum capacity for photochemical quenching.
- Fv/Fm is widely used to indicate the maximum quantum efficiency of Photosystem II. It is a sensitive indication of plant photosynthetic performance.
- Tfm is used to express the time at which the maximum fluorescence value (Fm) was reached.
- Area above the fluorescence curve between F0 and Fm is proportional to the pool size of electron acceptors.
- P.I. (Performance Index) is essentially an indicator of sample vitality.
4.4. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Consulted Websites
- Acta Plantarum-Flora delle Regioni italiane https://www.actaplantarum.org./ (accessed 11 December 2020).
- ENSCOBASE: the ENSCONET Virtual Seed Bank http://enscobase.maich.gr/ (accessed 8 October 2018).
- Global Hyperaccumulator Database http://hyperaccumulators.smi.uq.edu.au/collection/ (accessed 1 February 2021).
- KEW Royal Botanic Gardens http://data.kew.org/sid/ (accessed 9 November 2020).
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Biological Parameters | Ni Treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Au++ | Nc++ | Am+ | Ta+ | |
Root surface area | NS | NS | NS | 0.74 *** |
FW_root | NS | NS | NS | 0.66 *** |
DW_root | 0.53 ** | NS | NS | 0.78 *** |
FW_shoot | 0.61 *** | NS | NS | NS |
DW_shoot | 0.61 *** | NS | NS | 0.48 ** |
R/S FW | NS | −0.42 * | NS | 0.68 *** |
R/S DW | NS | NS | NS | 0.64 *** |
% water R | NS | 0.54 ** | NS | NS |
% water S | NS | NS | NS | 0.60 *** |
Species | Ni Treatment (mg kg−1) | Ni Concentration (mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|
A. utriculata ++ | 0 | 18.33 ± 2.00 |
1000 | 999.67 ± 8.00 | |
N. caerulescens ++ | 0 | 76.67 ± 3.00 |
1000 | 6798 ± 24.33 | |
A. montanum + | 0 | 4.00 ± 1.33 |
1000 | 127.33 ± 4.00 | |
T. arvense + | 0 | 0.00 |
1000 | 177.00 ± 5.00 |
Parameters | Ni Treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Au++ | Nc++ | Am+ | Ta+ | |
F0 | NS | NS | 0.25 *** | −0.16 ** |
Fm | NS | −0.17 ** | 0.15 * | NS |
Fv/Fm | NS | NS | −0.22 ** | 0.24 *** |
Tfm (ms) | 0.38 *** | 0.37 *** | NS | 0.25 *** |
Area | 0.30 *** | NS | NS | 0.19 *** |
P.I. | 0.13 * | NS | −0.21 ** | 0.31 *** |
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Rosatto, S.; Mariotti, M.; Romeo, S.; Roccotiello, E. Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species. Plants 2021, 10, 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030508
Rosatto S, Mariotti M, Romeo S, Roccotiello E. Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species. Plants. 2021; 10(3):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030508
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosatto, Stefano, Mauro Mariotti, Sara Romeo, and Enrica Roccotiello. 2021. "Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species" Plants 10, no. 3: 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030508