Screening of Endophytic Antagonistic Bacteria in Wheat and Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential against Wheat Stripe Rust
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria from Wheat
2.2. Diversity Analysis of Endophytic Bacteria
2.3. Screening of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria
2.3.1. Determination of Inhibitory Effect of Endophytic Bacteria on the Germination of Urediniospores
2.3.2. Effect on Control of Wheat Stripe Rust in Pot Experiment
2.4. Identification of Antagonistic Strain XD29-G1
2.4.1. Morphological Characteristics
2.4.2. Biochemical and Physiological Traits
2.4.3. Molecular Biological Characteristics
2.5. Effect of XD29-G1 on Wheat Seed Germination
2.6. Effect of XD29-G1 on Growth of Wheat at Seedling Stage
2.7. Antagonistic Effect of XD29-G1 on Wheat Stripe Rust
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Isolation and Purification of Endophytic Bacteria from Wheat
4.3. Identification and Diversity Analysis of Endophytic Bacteria
4.4. Screening of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria
4.4.1. Inhibitory Effect of Endophytic Bacteria on the Germination of Urediniospores
4.4.2. Effect on Control of Wheat Stripe Rust in Deep Pot Test
4.5. Identification of Antagonistic Strain XD29-G1
4.5.1. Morphological Characteristics and Biochemical and Physiological Traits
4.5.2. Molecular Biological Characteristics
4.6. Effect of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria on Wheat Seed Germination
4.7. Effect of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria on Growth of Wheat at Seedling Stage
4.8. Antagonistic Effect of Endophytic Bacteria on Wheat Stripe Rust
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Strain Number (Accession Number) | Closest Similar Species (Accession Number) | Strain Number (Accession Number) | Closest Similar Species (Accession Number) |
---|---|---|---|
XD5-Y1 (OP591349) | 98.83% to Microbacterium thalassium (NR04248.1) | XD29-J7 (OP594419) | 99.49% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD5-Y2 (OP591350) | 99.85% to Microbacterium oryzae (NR117527.1) | XD29-J8 (OP594420) | 100.00% to Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (NR024662.1) |
XD5-Y3 (OP591351) | 99.34% to Microbacterium schleiferi (NR044936.1) | XD29-J9 (OP594421) | 98.30% to Salmonella enterica (NR074910.1) |
XD5-Y4 (OP591352) | 99.65% to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NR041577.1) | XD29-J10 (OP594422) | 99.49% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD5-Y5 (OP591353) | 99.45% to Massilia timonae (NR026014.1) | XD29-J11 (OP594423) | 99.32% to Bacillus tropicus (NR157736.1) |
XD5-J1 (OP591347) | 99.86% to Staphylococcus hominis (NR041323.1) | XD29-G1 (OR976522) | 999.73% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR114810.1) |
XD5-J2 (OP591348) | 99.43% to Kocuria polaris (NR028924.1) | XD29-G2 (OP594410) | 99.58% to Pseudomonas brassicacearum (NR116299.1) |
XD5-G2 (OP591339) | 99.20% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) | XD29-G4 (OP594411) | 99.31% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD5-G3 (OP591340) | 100.00% to Pseudomonas brassicacearum (MT634582.1) | XD29-G5 (OP594412) | 99.86% to Bacillus tropicus (NR157736.1) |
XD5-G5 (OP591341) | 99.79% to Microbacterium oryzae (NR117527.1) | XD29-G6 (OP594413) | 99.72% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR114810.1) |
XD5-G6 (OP591342) | 99.93% to Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(NR024662.1) | XD29-G7 (OP594414) | 99.86% to Bacillus velezensis (NR075005.2) |
XD5-G7 (OP591343) | 99.65% to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NR041577.1) | XD29-G8 (OP594415) | 99.49% to Enterobacter cancerogenus (NR044977.1) |
XD5-G9 (OP591344) | 99.71% to Priestia megaterium (NR112636.1) | XD32-Y3 (OP594444) | 99.85% to Arthrobacter humicola (NR041546.1) |
XD5-G10 (OP591345) | 100.00% to Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (NR024662.1) | XD32-J1 (OP594437) | 99.49% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD5-G11 (OP591346) | 100.00% to Bacillus tropicus (NR157736.1) | XD32-J2 (OP594438) | 99.93% to Achromobacter spanius (NR025686.1) |
XD9-Y1 (OP591366) | 99.28% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR117732.2) | XD32-J3 (OP594439) | 99.79% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NR116306.1) |
XD9-Y2 (OP591367) | 98.68% to Staphylococcus warneri (NR025922.1) | XD32-J4 (OP594440) | 99.79% to Sphingobium yanoikuyae (NR113730.1) |
XD9-J1 (OP591358) | 99.32% to Enterobacter ludwigii (NR042349.1) | XD32-J5 (OP594441) | 99.70% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NR116306.1) |
XD9-J2 (OP591359) | 99.93% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NR116306.1) | XD32-J6 (OP594442) | 99.37% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD9-J4 (OP591360) | 98.92% to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NR041577.1) | XD32-J8 (OP594443) | 99.38% to Fictibacillus halophilus (NR149289.1) |
XD9-J5 (OP591361) | 99.93% to Bacillus atrophaeus (NR024689.1) | XD32-G3 (OP594426) | 99.93% to Lactococcus lactis (NR113960.1) |
XD9-J6 (OP591362) | 99.45% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) | XD32-G4 (OP594427) | 98.80% to Agrobacterium fabacearum (NR174322.1) |
XD9-J7 (OP591363) | 99.49% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) | XD32-G5 (OP594428) | 99.56% to Pseudomonas brassicacearum (NR116299.1) |
XD9-J8 (OP591364) | 99.31% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) | XD32-G6 (OP594429) | 99.58% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD9-J9 (OP591365) | 98.09% to Shinella zoogloeoides (NR119062.1) | XD32-G8 (OP594430) | 99.29% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR117732.2) |
XD9-G1 (OP591354) | 99.86% to Paenibacillus peoriae (CP092831.1) | XD32-G9 (OP594431) | 99.29% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR117732.2) |
XD9-G2 (OP591355) | 98.76% to Microbacterium profundi (N-044321.1) | XD32-G10 (OP594432) | 99.29% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR117732.2) |
XD9-G4 (OP591356) | 99.48% to Paenibacillus peoriae (NR117743.1) | XD32-G11 (OP594433) | 99.93% to Variovorax boronicumulans (NR114214.1) |
XD9-G5 (OP591357) | 98.48% to Microbulbifer pacificus (NR115928.1) | XD32-G12 (OP594434) | 99.65% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD14-J3 (OP591376) | 99.57% to Pantoea dispersa (NR116797.1) | XD32-G14 (OP594435) | 99.64% to Streptomyces bellus (NR041222.1) |
XD14-J4 (OP591377) | 99.12% to Peribacillus asahii (NR024817.1) | XD32-G15 (OP594436) | 99.65% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD14-J5 (OP591378) | 99.72% to Agrobacterium larrymoorei (NR026519.1) | XD35-J1 (OP598852) | 99.51% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD14-G1 (OP591368) | 99.41% to Thalassospira xianhensis (NR116127.1) | XD35-J2 (OP598851) | 100.00% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NR041396.1) |
XD14-G2 (OP591369) | 99.64% to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NR041577.1) | XD35-J3 (OP622843) | 99.14% to Pantoea agglomerans (NR114111.1) |
XD14-G3 (OP591370) | 99.56% to Thalassospira xianhensis (NR116127.1) | XD35-J4 (OP597544) | 99.20% to Aurantiacibacter suaedae (NR169479.1) |
XD14-G4 (OP591371) | 99.49% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR02892.1) | XD35-J5 (OP598853) | 99.93% to Microbacterium arborescens (NR029265.1) |
XD14-G5 (OP591372) | 99.49% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR02892.1) | XD35-J7 (OP598854) | 98.59% to Salmonella enterica (NR074910.1) |
XD14-G6 (OP591373) | 99.43% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR112641.1) | XD35-J8 (OP598855) | 99.78% to Pseudomonas punonensis (NR109583.1) |
XD14-G7 (OP591374) | 99.37% to Thalassospira xianhensis (NR116127.1) | XD35-J9 (OP598856) | 99.49% to Kosakonia cowanii (NR025566.1) |
XD14-G8 (OP591375) | 99.93% to Bacillus tropicus (NR157736.1) | XD35-G1 (OP598857) | 100.00% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (CP042275.2) |
XD22-J1 (OP591383) | 99.86% to Staphylococcus capitis (NR036775.1) | XD35-G2 (OP598858) | 99.57% to Kocuria polaris (NR028924.1) |
XD22-J2 (OP591384) | 99.70% to Stenotrophomonas pavanii (NR118008.1) | XD35-G3 (OP598859) | 99.64% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD22-J3 (OP591385) | 99.93% to Agrobacterium fabacearum (NR174322.1) | XD35-G4 (OP598860) | 98.84% to Microbacterium thalassium (NR042481.1) |
XD22-J4 (OP591386) | 99.93% to Bacillus velezensis (NR075005.2) | XD41-Y1 (OP597547) | 99.63% to Microbacterium foliorum (NR025368.1) |
XD22-J5 (OP591387) | 99.59% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) | XD41-Y2 (OP597548) | 99.52% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) |
XD22-G1 (OP591379) | 99.93% to Bacillus tropicus (NR157736.1) | XD41-Y3 (OP597549) | 99.28% to Microbacterium saccharophilum (NR114342.1) |
XD22-G2 (OP591380) | 99.57% to Pantoea dispersa (NR116797.1) | XD41-J1 (OP597642) | 99.93% to Lactococcus lactis (NR040955.1) |
XD22-G3 (OP591381) | 99.15% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NR116306.1) | XD41-J2 (OP597643) | 98.54% to Microbacterium thalassium (NR042481.1) |
XD22-G4 (OP591382) | 99.93% to Bacillus tropicus (NR157736.1) | XD41-J3 (OP597644) | 100.00% to Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (NR024662.1) |
XD26-Y1 (OP594407) | 98.94% to Sphingomonas hankookensis (NR116570.1) | XD41-J5 (OP597645) | 99.50% to Sphingomonas sanxanigenens (NR121736.1) |
XD26-Y2 (OP594408) | 99.34% to Janibacter melonis (NR025805.1) | XD41-J6 (OP598868) | 99.64% to Pantoea dispersa (NR116797.1) |
XD26-J1 (OP594403) | 99.38% to Pseudomonas kilonensis (NR028929.1) | XD41-J7 (OP598869) | 99.64% to Stenotrophomonas maltophiliae (NR041577.1) |
XD26-J3 (OP594404) | 99.93% to Ciceribacter selenitireducens (NR044216.1) | XD41-J8 (OP598870) | 99.19% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR114810.1) |
XD26-J4 (OP594405) | 99.49% to Microbacterium natoriense (NR042983.1) | XD41-J9 (OP598871) | 100.00% to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NR116306.1) |
XD26-J5 (OP594406) | 98.02% to Devosia submarina (NR114333.1) | XD41-J11 (OP598872) | 100.00% to Bacillus altitudinis (NR042337.1) |
XD26-G2 (OP594395) | 99.63% to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NR041577.1) | XD41-G1 (OP598861) | 100.00% to Streptomyces griseorubens (NR041066.1) |
XD26-G3 (OP594396) | 99.93% to Olivibacter soli (NR041503.1) | XD41-G3 (OP598862) | 99.56% to Pseudomonas marincola (NR041592.1) |
XD26-G4 (OP594397) | 99.50% to Pseudorhizobium halotolerans (NR125632.1) | XD41-G4 (OP598863) | 99.71% to Planococcus chinensis (NR042259.1) |
XD26-G5 (OP594398) | 99.57% to Pantoea dispersa (NR116797.1) | XD41-G5 (OP598864) | 99.57% to Sphingomonas sanxanigenens (NR121736.1) |
XD26-G6 (OP594399) | 98.42% to Microbacterium thalassium (NR042481.1) | XD41-G6 (OP598865) | 99.71% to Thalassospira xianhensis (NR116127.1) |
XD26-G7 (OP594400) | 99.44% to Paenibacillus pabuli (NR040853.1) | XD41-G7 (OP598866) | 99.85% to Nocardioides albus (NR036914.1) |
XD26-G8 (OP594401) | 98.89% to Pseudomonas alcaligenes (NR114472.1) | XD41-G8 (OP598867) | 98.53% to Microbacterium thalassium (NR042481.1) |
XD26-G9 (OP594402) | 99.50% to Agrobacterium larrymoorei (NR026519.1) | XD41-G9 (OP603114) | 99.19% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR114810.1) |
XD29-Y1 (OP594424) | 99.64% to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NR041577.1) | XD41-G10 (OP603112) | 100.00% to Arthrobacter oryzae (NR041545.1) |
XD29-Y2 (OP594425) | 99.93% to Brucella anthropi (NR074243.1) | XD41-G11 (OP603113) | 98.50% to Microbulbifer pacificuse (NR115928.1) |
XD29-J2 (OP594416) | 98.65% to Rhizobium oryziradicis (NR156856.1) | XD41-G13 (OP603116) | 100.00% to Brucella lupini (NR042911.1) |
XD29-J5 (OP594417) | 99.58% to Paenibacillus polymyxa (NR114810.1) | XD41-G14 (OP603115) | 99.16% to Pseudoxanthomonas wuyuanensis (NR126229.1) |
XD29-J6 (OP594418) | 99.93% to Leclercia adecarboxylata (NR104933.1) | XD41-G15 (OP614941) | 99.71% to Curtobacterium plantarum (NR104943.1) |
Classification | Number of Endophytic Bacteria | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf | Stem | Root | Sum | Account for (%) | |
Arthrobacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1.47 | |
Achromobacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Agrobacterium sp. | 7 | 4 | 11 | 8.09 | |
Aurantiacibacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Brucella sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1.47 | |
Bacillus sp. | 5 | 7 | 11 | 8.09 | |
Ciceribacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Curtobacterium sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Devosia sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Enterobacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1.47 | |
Fictibacillus sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Janibacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Kocuria sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1.47 | |
Kosakonia sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Leclercia sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Lactococcus sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1.47 | |
Microbacterium sp. | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 9.56 |
Massilia sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Microbulbifer sp. | 2 | 2 | 1.47 | ||
Nocardioides sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Olivibacter sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Pseudomonas sp. | 1 | 13 | 15 | 29 | 21.32 |
Pseudoxanthomonas sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Pseudorhizobium sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Paenibacillus sp. | 1 | 2 | 10 | 13 | 9.56 |
Planococcus chinense sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Pantoea sp. | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3.68 | |
Priestia sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Rhizobium sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Stenotrophomonas sp. | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 5.89 |
Staphylococcus sp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2.21 | |
Sphingobium sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Sphingomonas sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2.21 |
Salmonella sp. | 2 | 2 | 1.47 | ||
Shinella sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 | ||
Streptomyces sp. | 2 | 2 | 1.47 | ||
Thalassospira sp. | 4 | 4 | 2.94 | ||
Variovorax sp. | 1 | 1 | 0.73 |
Endophytic Bacteria | Inhibition Rate of CS (%) | Inhibition Rate of CSS (%) | Endophytic Bacteria | Inhibition Rate of CS (%) | Inhibition Rate of CSS (%) | Endophytic Bacteria | Inhibition Rate of CS (%) | Inhibition Rate of CSS (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XD5-Y1 | 64.93 | 54.51 | XD22-G3 | 82.99 | 85.42 | XD32-G8 | 74.65 | 60.42 |
XD5-Y2 | 70.14 | 77.08 | XD22-G4 | 81.60 | 75.00 | XD32-G9 | 65.63 | 31.25 |
XD5-Y3 | 75.35 | 57.29 | XD26-Y2 | 76.74 | 68.40 | XD32-G10 | 86.11 | 60.76 |
XD5-J1 | 92.71 | 87.85 | XD26-J1 | 78.82 | 19.10 | XD32-G11 | 67.71 | 73.61 |
XD5-J2 | 75.69 | 62.15 | XD26-J3 | 25.69 | 67.01 | XD32-G13 | 56.25 | 18.75 |
XD5-G2 | 89.24 | 72.22 | XD26-J4 | 80.56 | 47.92 | XD35-J2 | 74.65 | 77.08 |
XD5-G3 | 85.07 | 73.61 | XD26-J5 | 78.13 | 68.40 | XD35-J3 | 85.76 | 69.10 |
XD5-G5 | 79.51 | 70.14 | XD26-G2 | 73.26 | 26.39 | XD35-J4 | 83.68 | 59.38 |
XD5-G6 | 72.57 | 83.68 | XD26-G3 | 67.01 | 48.26 | XD35-J5 | 58.33 | 81.25 |
XD5-G7 | 85.76 | 87.50 | XD26-G6 | 44.44 | 61.81 | XD35-J7 | 73.61 | 51.39 |
XD5-G9 | 81.25 | 80.56 | XD26-G7 | 70.14 | 71.53 | XD35-J8 | 15.97 | 53.13 |
XD5-G10 | 67.36 | 70.14 | XD26-G9 | 63.19 | 75.69 | XD35-J9 | 70.14 | 42.71 |
XD5-G11 | 46.18 | 59.72 | XD29-Y1 | 75.69 | 73.61 | XD35-G1 | 73.26 | 74.65 |
XD9-Y1 | 54.51 | 84.03 | XD29-Y2 | 82.64 | 72.22 | XD35-G2 | 79.86 | 73.61 |
XD9-Y2 | 61.46 | 66.32 | XD29-J2 | 71.18 | 57.99 | XD35-G4 | 71.53 | 84.72 |
XD9-J1 | 75.00 | 42.36 | XD29-J5 | 81.25 | 48.26 | XD41-Y1 | 77.78 | 49.65 |
XD9-J2 | 75.35 | 64.93 | XD29-J6 | 60.76 | 78.47 | XD41-Y2 | 80.56 | 26.04 |
XD9-J4 | 79.86 | 70.49 | XD29-J7 | 79.51 | 79.51 | XD41-J1 | 82.64 | 76.04 |
XD9-J5 | 74.31 | 52.78 | XD29-J8 | 69.79 | 70.49 | XD41-J3 | 78.82 | 64.24 |
XD9-J6 | 80.56 | 34.38 | XD29-J9 | 74.31 | 43.75 | XD41-J4 | 67.36 | 64.24 |
XD9-J7 | 54.86 | 71.88 | XD29-J10 | 68.75 | 36.11 | XD41-J5 | 50.00 | 34.72 |
XD9-J9 | 85.42 | 75.00 | XD29-J11 | 61.81 | 77.08 | XD41-J6 | 45.83 | 47.92 |
XD9-G1 | 77.08 | 76.39 | XD29-G1 | 84.72 | 86.46 | XD41-J7 | 78.13 | 63.19 |
XD9-G2 | 17.71 | 10.42 | XD29-G2 | 74.31 | 91.67 | XD41-J8 | 87.15 | 80.21 |
XD9-G4 | 77.08 | 77.78 | XD29-G3 | 64.93 | 76.04 | XD41-J9 | 81.94 | 62.15 |
XD9-G5 | 77.08 | 38.19 | XD29-G5 | 78.82 | 83.33 | XD41-J10 | 62.50 | 65.97 |
XD14-J3 | 89.24 | 77.78 | XD29-G6 | 82.64 | 61.11 | XD41-J11 | 82.29 | 63.89 |
XD14-J4 | 44.44 | 73.96 | XD29-G7 | 65.97 | 76.04 | XD41-G3 | 76.39 | 34.03 |
XD14-J5 | 76.74 | 81.94 | XD29-G8 | 77.43 | 86.81 | XD41-G4 | 51.04 | 43.75 |
XD14-G2 | 85.42 | 45.14 | XD32-Y3 | 54.51 | 31.60 | XD41-G5 | 61.46 | 61.11 |
XD14-G3 | 80.90 | 83.68 | XD32-J2 | 60.76 | 59.03 | XD41-G6 | 62.15 | 64.24 |
XD14-G4 | 79.51 | 53.13 | XD32-J3 | 77.78 | 45.83 | XD41-G7 | 73.96 | 50.00 |
XD14-G5 | 64.93 | 59.03 | XD32-J5 | 63.89 | 39.93 | XD41-G8 | 75.69 | 47.22 |
XD14-G6 | 77.43 | 79.51 | XD32-J6 | 86.81 | 80.21 | XD41-G9 | 75.35 | 90.63 |
XD14-G8 | 69.79 | 69.10 | XD32-G4 | 80.21 | 63.89 | XD41-G10 | 76.39 | 40.97 |
XD22-J3 | 81.25 | 46.88 | XD32-G5 | 83.68 | 60.76 | XD41-G13 | 69.10 | 30.21 |
XD22-G2 | 61.11 | 57.29 | XD32-G7 | 4.51 | 5.21 | XD41-G15 | 77.08 | 55.56 |
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Wheat Cultivars | Leaf | Stem | Root | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Xindong No.5 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 15 |
Xindong No.9 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 14 |
Xindong No.14 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 11 |
Xindong No.22 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 9 |
Xindong No.26 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 |
Xindong No.29 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 17 |
Xindong No.32 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 19 |
Xindong No.35 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 12 |
Xindong No.41 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 25 |
Total | 15 | 54 | 67 | 136 |
Classification | Number of Endophytic Bacteria | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf | Stem | Root | Sum | |
Total number of isolates (N) | 15 | 54 | 67 | 136 |
Species richness (S) | 10 | 23 | 24 | 38 |
Shannon diversity index (H) | 2.079 | 2.710 | 2.697 | 3.214 |
Simpson diversity index (D) | 0.896 | 0.915 | 0.913 | 0.921 |
Wheat Cultivars | Total Number of Isolates (N) | Species Richness (S) | Shannon Diversity Index (H) | Simpson Diversity Index (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Xindong No.5 | 15 | 8 | 1.876 | 0.933 |
Xindong No.9 | 14 | 10 | 2.168 | 0.934 |
Xindong No.14 | 11 | 7 | 1.846 | 0.909 |
Xindong No.22 | 9 | 6 | 1.677 | 0.889 |
Xindong No.26 | 14 | 12 | 2.441 | 0.978 |
Xindong No.29 | 17 | 9 | 1.972 | 0.882 |
Xindong No.32 | 19 | 10 | 2.032 | 0.895 |
Xindong No.35 | 12 | 8 | 1.979 | 0.924 |
Xindong No.41 | 25 | 18 | 2.754 | 0.963 |
Total | 136 | 38 | 2.965 | 0.921 |
Endophytic Bacteria | Protective Effect (24 hbi) | Curative Effect (24 hai) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | CS | CSS | Control | CS | CSS | |||||
Disease Index (%) | Disease Index (%) | Control Efficiency (%) | Disease Index (%) | Control Efficiency (%) | Disease Index (%) | Disease Index (%) | Control Efficiency (%) | Disease Index (%) | Control Efficiency (%) | |
XD5-Y2 | 42.93 ± 2.57 a | 27.20 ± 2.12 b | 36.65 | 23.47 ± 5.33 b | 45.34 | 42.13 ± 8.40 a | 19.47 ± 3.33 b | 53.80 | 23.73 ± 7.26 bc | 43.67 |
XD29-Y1 | 19.47 ± 4.69 bc | 54.66 | 21.60 ± 0.80 b | 49.69 | 17.33 ± 5.90 b | 58.86 | 18.93 ± 6.42 bc | 55.66 | ||
XD29-Y2 | 18.13 ± 3.23 bc | 57.76 | 22.40 ± 5.54 b | 47.83 | 16.80 ± 1.39 b | 60.13 | 26.40 ± 2.77 b | 37.34 | ||
XD5-J1 | 17.33 ± 3.33 bc | 59.63 | 16.80 ± 4.80 b | 60.87 | 23.47 ± 3.78 b | 44.30 | 17.60 ± 6.40 c | 58.23 | ||
XD14-J3 | 21.06 ± 1.85 bc | 50.93 | 22.93 ± 4.41 b | 46.58 | 22.93 ± 1.67 b | 45.57 | 24.27 ± 3.33 bc | 42.41 | ||
XD41-J8 | 23.20 ± 10.59 bc | 45.96 | 19.47 ± 3.23 b | 54.66 | 21.07 ± 5.33 b | 50.00 | 18.67 ± 4.40 bc | 55.70 | ||
XD5-G7 | 21.07 ± 9.20 bc | 50.93 | 21.87 ± 3.23 b | 49.07 | 22.40 ± 8.91 b | 46.84 | 17.87 ± 6.00 bc | 57.59 | ||
XD22-G3 | 18.40 ± 4.90 bc | 57.14 | 24.27 ± 9.54 b | 43.48 | 24.00 ± 7.63 b | 43.67 | 20.00 ± 2.12 bc | 56.33 | ||
XD29-G1 | 14.67 ± 5.14 c | 65.84 | 17.60 ± 2.57 b | 60.25 | 16.27 ± 5.79 b | 62.66 | 16.53 ± 5.79 bc | 60.76 |
Biochemical and Physiological Traits | XD29-G1 | Biochemical and Physiological Traits | XD29-G1 |
---|---|---|---|
Catalase Activity | + | D-Xylose | + |
Glucose Activity | + | L-Arabinose | + |
Maltose Activity | + | D-mannitol Activity | - |
Indoletest | - | Gelaune Liquefaction | + |
Methyl Red Activity | - | 7% Sodium Oxide Growth | - |
Amino Acid Decarboxylase | - | pH 5.7 Growth | - |
V-P Test | + | Nitrate Reduction Activity | + |
Citrate Activity | - | Starch Hydrolyses Activity | + |
Propionate | - |
Concentration (cfu/mL) | Plant Height (cm) | Fresh Weight (Plant/g) | Dry Weight (Plant/g) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 42.67 ± 1.76 ab | 0.297 ± 0.039 a | 0.036 ± 0.003 ab |
Culture solution | 34.73 ± 3.10 c | 0.090 ± 0.009 c | 0.024 ± 0.008 c |
10−1 | 40.13 ± 1.00 b | 0.302 ± 0.040 a | 0.036 ± 0.001 ab |
10−3 | 40.07 ± 0.40 b | 0.226 ± 0.019 b | 0.034 ± 0.004 b |
10−5 | 44.17 ± 1.04 a | 0.306 ± 0.034 a | 0.037 ± 0.001 ab |
10−7 | 46.33 ± 3.55 a | 0.348 ± 0.035 a | 0.041 ± 0.002 a |
10−9 | 45.33 ± 1.60 a | 0.332 ± 0.088 a | 0.040 ± 0.002 ab |
Concentration (cfu/mL) | Disease Index | Control Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|
Control | 35.73 ± 3.70 a | - |
Culture solution | 15.70 ± 4.11 bc | 55.97 |
10−1 | 13.87 ± 2.31 c | 61.19 |
10−3 | 19.73 ± 12.93 bc | 44.78 |
10−5 | 20.80 ± 4.45 bc | 41.79 |
10−7 | 24.53 ± 1.67 bc | 31.34 |
10−9 | 25.87 ± 5.21 ab | 27.61 |
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Saimi, A.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, Q.; Li, G.; Gao, H.; Chen, J. Screening of Endophytic Antagonistic Bacteria in Wheat and Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential against Wheat Stripe Rust. Plants 2024, 13, 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101366
Saimi A, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Li G, Gao H, Chen J. Screening of Endophytic Antagonistic Bacteria in Wheat and Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential against Wheat Stripe Rust. Plants. 2024; 13(10):1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101366
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaimi, Ainisai, Qiqi Zhang, Qi Liu, Guangkuo Li, Haifeng Gao, and Jing Chen. 2024. "Screening of Endophytic Antagonistic Bacteria in Wheat and Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential against Wheat Stripe Rust" Plants 13, no. 10: 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101366