Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. ENSO Indicators Data
2.2. Atmospheric Aerosol Data
2.2.1. AERONET
2.2.2. MERRA-2
2.3. Specific Humidity Anomaly and Vertical Velocity Anomaly
2.4. Statistical Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Time Series Analysis
3.2. Windowed Cross-Correlation
3.3. Spatiotemporal Assessment
4. Discussion
4.1. The Walker Circulation
4.2. Specific Humidity Assessment
4.3. Aerosol Interaction
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Spatial Resolution | Period | Source | Version | Data Scale |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSTA in Niño 1+2, Niño 3, Niño 3.4 and Niño 4 regions | 2° × 2° | Availability: 1950–present; Climatology: 1971–2000; Utilized in the Study: 2006–2011. | https://psl.noaa.gov/data/climateindices/list/ (accessed on 9 April 2023) | ERSSTV5 | Monthly |
SOI | - | Availability: 1951–present; Utilized in the Study: 2006–2011. | https://psl.noaa.gov/data/climateindices/list/ (accessed on 9 April 2023) | - | Monthly |
AOD500nm (AERONET) | - | Availability: 1993–2021 (AF), 2006–2021 (JP) e 2001–2023 (RB); Utilized in the Study: 2006–2011. | https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (accessed on 12 December 2022) | Nível 2.0 | Monthly |
AOD550nm extinction for Black Carbon (MERRA2) | 0.5° × 0.625° | Availability: 1980–present; Utilized in the Study: 2006–2011 | https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?project=MERRA-2 (accessed on 27 July 2023) | M2TMNXAER v5.12.4 | Monthly |
Specific Humidity Anomaly at 2 m (MERRA-2) | 0.5° × 0.625° | Availability: 1980–present; Climatology: 1980–2020; Utilized in the Study: 2006–2011 | https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?project=MERRA-2 (accessed on 20 June 2023) | M2TMNXSLV v5.12.4 | Monthly |
Vertical Velocity Anomaly (Omega Anomaly, ωA) | 0.5° × 0.625° | Availability: 1980–present; Climatology: 1980–2020; Utilized in the Study: 2006–2011 | https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?project=MERRA-2 (accessed on 18 November 2023) | M2IMNPASM_5.12.4 | Monthly |
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Pereira, A.G.C.; Palácios, R.; Santos, P.C.R.; Pereira, R.V.S.; Cirino, G.; Imbiriba, B. Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon. Climate 2024, 12, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12020013
Pereira AGC, Palácios R, Santos PCR, Pereira RVS, Cirino G, Imbiriba B. Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon. Climate. 2024; 12(2):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12020013
Chicago/Turabian StylePereira, Augusto G. C., Rafael Palácios, Paula C. R. Santos, Raimundo Vitor S. Pereira, Glauber Cirino, and Breno Imbiriba. 2024. "Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon" Climate 12, no. 2: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12020013