An Improved Comprehensive Atomization Model for Pressure Swirl Atomizers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Formulation
2.1. Internal Flow Sub-Model
2.2. Liquid Sheet Instability Sub-Model
2.2.1. Problem Formulation
2.2.2. Governing Equations
2.2.3. Boundary Conditions
2.2.4. Formulation and Solution of the Dispersion Relation
2.3. Primary Atomization Sub-Model
2.4. Droplet Velocity Sub-Model
2.5. Summary of the Comprehensive Atomization Model for Pressure Swirl Atomizers
3. Model Implementation
4. Experimental Testing Methods
4.1. Pressure Swirl Atomizer
4.2. Laser Diagnostics
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Linear Instability of the Annular Liquid Sheet
5.2. Effect of Model Parameters on the Prediction of
5.3. Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation Results of the Spray Field
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | aera |
discharge coefficient | |
ligament constant | |
atomizer outlet diameter | |
air core diameter | |
F | interface function |
g | density ratio |
h | ratio of the inner to outer radius of the annular liquid sheet |
k | axial wave number |
mass flow rate | |
N | number of groups |
n | azimuthal wave number |
unit normal interface vector | |
p | pressure |
volume flow rate | |
inner radius of the liquid sheet | |
outer radius of the liquid sheet | |
Reynolds number | |
liquid sheet thickness | |
U | total velocity magnitude of droplet |
mean axial velocity | |
instantaneous velocity vector | |
mean tangential velocity | |
Weber number | |
Y | mass flow rate ratio |
Greek Symbols | |
swirl strength of the liquid sheet | |
complex wave frequency | |
phase difference between the disturbances on two interfaces | |
liquid sheet area coefficient | |
density | |
surface tension coefficient | |
spray dispersion angle | |
spray half angle | |
radial displacement of the interface | |
dynamic viscosity | |
wavelength | |
subscripts | |
a | air |
l | liquid |
o | outlet |
s | swirl |
Abbreviations | |
CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
ODE | ordinary differential equations |
PSA | pressure swirl atomizer |
SMD | sauter mean diameter |
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h | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.192 | 16 | 0.208 | 0.597 | 0.0781 | 0.0409 | 17.4 | 14.6 | 0.434 | 807 | 766 | 539 |
0.581 | 22 | 0.286 | 0.472 | 0.0924 | 0.0338 | 27.3 | 22.9 | 0.513 | 1267 | 1889 | 1330 |
1.05 | 28 | 0.364 | 0.447 | 0.0952 | 0.0324 | 35.9 | 30.1 | 0.529 | 1665 | 3265 | 2298 |
1.83 | 34 | 0.442 | 0.411 | 0.0992 | 0.0304 | 45.7 | 38.4 | 0.551 | 2120 | 5291 | 3724 |
2.98 | 40 | 0.520 | 0.379 | 0.103 | 0.0286 | 56.3 | 47.3 | 0.571 | 2613 | 8041 | 5659 |
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Qian, W.; Wang, J.; Hui, X.; Yang, S.; Cheng, R.; Wang, P. An Improved Comprehensive Atomization Model for Pressure Swirl Atomizers. Aerospace 2024, 11, 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080658
Qian W, Wang J, Hui X, Yang S, Cheng R, Wang P. An Improved Comprehensive Atomization Model for Pressure Swirl Atomizers. Aerospace. 2024; 11(8):658. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080658
Chicago/Turabian StyleQian, Weijia, Jinduo Wang, Xin Hui, Siheng Yang, Ruyue Cheng, and Ping Wang. 2024. "An Improved Comprehensive Atomization Model for Pressure Swirl Atomizers" Aerospace 11, no. 8: 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080658