Multi-Mode Interferometry: Application to TiO2–SiO2 Sol-Gel Waveguide-Based Sensing in the Aerospace Domain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sol-Gel Elaboration
2.2. Creation of TiO2–SiO2 Photonic Devices
2.3. Characterization of TiO2–SiO2 Devices
2.4. Simulation Tools: Waveguides and MMI Couplers
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Creation of TiO2–SiO2 Waveguides by Direct Laser Writing Technique
3.2. Optical Fiber and Sol-Gel Waveguide Coupling: Simulation of Connection Losses
3.3. 1 × 3 MMI Coupler Simulation
3.4. TiO2–SiO2 MMI Couplers Manufacturing
3.5. Creation of 1 × 3 and 1 × 9 MMI Couplers
3.6. Toward the Development of More Compact Architectures (1 × 45)
3.7. Behavior of TiO2–SiO2 Waveguides with Respect to Several Thermal Cycles
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Waveguide Width (µm) | X-Axis Misalignment (µm) | Connection Losses (%) |
---|---|---|
10 | 0 | 15 |
10 | 1 | 15 |
10 | 4 | 35 |
10 | 8 | 95 |
30 | 0 | 15 |
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Royon, M.; Blanchet, T.; Adnan, M.; Jamon, D.; Royer, F.; Vocanson, F.; Marin, E.; Morana, A.; Boukenter, A.; Ouerdane, Y.; et al. Multi-Mode Interferometry: Application to TiO2–SiO2 Sol-Gel Waveguide-Based Sensing in the Aerospace Domain. Aerospace 2021, 8, 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120401
Royon M, Blanchet T, Adnan M, Jamon D, Royer F, Vocanson F, Marin E, Morana A, Boukenter A, Ouerdane Y, et al. Multi-Mode Interferometry: Application to TiO2–SiO2 Sol-Gel Waveguide-Based Sensing in the Aerospace Domain. Aerospace. 2021; 8(12):401. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120401
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoyon, Maxime, Thomas Blanchet, Muhammad Adnan, Damien Jamon, François Royer, Francis Vocanson, Emmanuel Marin, Adriana Morana, Aziz Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, and et al. 2021. "Multi-Mode Interferometry: Application to TiO2–SiO2 Sol-Gel Waveguide-Based Sensing in the Aerospace Domain" Aerospace 8, no. 12: 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120401