Efficient 5.8 GHz Microstrip Antennas for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antenna Design
3. Research Findings and Discussion
3.1. Return Loss ()
3.2. Radiation Pattern and Gain
3.3. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
3.4. Comparison with Previous Works
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step 1 | : To calculate patch width |
Step 2 | : Effective Dielectric Constant |
Step 3 | : Extended length of the patch |
Step 4 | : To calculate the length of the patch |
W1 = 35 | W6 = 6 | L2 = 25 | L8 = 18.6 |
W2 = 17.5 | W7 = 28 | L3 = 16.8 | L9 = 8 |
W3 = 3 | W8 = 21 | L4 = 6.3 | |
W4 = 4 | W9 = 5 | L6 = 3 | |
W5 = 9 | L1 = 50 | L7 = 1.5 |
Antenna | Dimension | Frequency Band (GHz) and Bandwidth (MHz) | Gain (dB) |
---|---|---|---|
[30] | 36 × 32 × 1.6 FR-4 | 5.75 (740) | 1.45 |
[31] | 54.44 × 70.7 × 1.6 FR-4 | 5.8 (410) | 2.21 |
[17] | 50 × 50 × 1.6 FR-4 | 5.8 (770) | 3.57 |
[32] | 21.5 × 15 × 1.6 FR-4 | 5.71 (570) | 2.45 |
[33] | 17 × 18 × 0.8 FR-4 | 5.8 (150) | 1.84 |
[34] | 30 × 45 × 3.2 FR-4 | 5.8 (160) | 1.59 |
[35] | 19 × 19 × 0.76 Neltec | 5.8 (≤200) | 3.1 |
[36] | 60 × 50 × 1.6 FR-4 | 5.81 (196) | 3 |
[37] | 91.5 × 30 × 0.1 Rogers 3850 | 5.9 (440) | 1.6 |
[38] | 31.76 × 34.39 × 2.03 FR-4 | 5.9 (More than one design) | (More than one design) |
Proposed Antenna | 35 × 50 × 1.6 FR-4 | 5.8 (550) | 3.93 |
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Guneser, M.T.; Seker, C.; Guler, M.I.; Fitriyani, N.L.; Syafrudin, M. Efficient 5.8 GHz Microstrip Antennas for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis. Mathematics 2024, 12, 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12081202
Guneser MT, Seker C, Guler MI, Fitriyani NL, Syafrudin M. Efficient 5.8 GHz Microstrip Antennas for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis. Mathematics. 2024; 12(8):1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12081202
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuneser, Muhammet Tahir, Cihat Seker, Mehmet Izzeddin Guler, Norma Latif Fitriyani, and Muhammad Syafrudin. 2024. "Efficient 5.8 GHz Microstrip Antennas for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis" Mathematics 12, no. 8: 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12081202
APA StyleGuneser, M. T., Seker, C., Guler, M. I., Fitriyani, N. L., & Syafrudin, M. (2024). Efficient 5.8 GHz Microstrip Antennas for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis. Mathematics, 12(8), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12081202