Abstract
Let denote the set of all positive integers and . For , let be the open unit ball in the dimensional Euclidean space . Let be the space of all analytic functions on . For an analytic self map on and , we have a product type operator which is basically a combination of three other operators namely composition operator , multiplication operator and radial derivative operator . We study the boundedness and compactness of this operator mapping from weighted Bergman–Orlicz space into weighted type spaces and .
Keywords:
weighted Bergman–Orlicz spaces; composition operator; multiplication operator; radial derivative; weighted-type spaces; little weighted type spaces MSC:
47B33; 30D55; 30H05; 30E05
1. Introduction
Let , be points in and , where is the complex conjugate of . We write
and
Denote the open unit ball in by . Let be the space of all analytic functions on , the boundary of called as the sphere in . Let be the Lebesgue measure on and the normalized measure on . For , we write , where is such that . For the result in settings of unit ball, refer to Ref. [1] and the references therein.
For and , the weighted Bergman space , consists of all those functions for which we have the following norm
A non-zero function is said to be a growth function if it is continuous and non-decreasing. Clearly, every growth function fixes origin, that is . We say that the function is of positive upper type (respectively, negative lower type) for every and , if there exist and (respectively, ) such that . The class of all growth functions of positive upper type q, (for some ) for which the function is non-decreasing on is denoted by . Similarly, for every and , a function is said to be of positive lower type (respectively, negative upper type) if there are and (respectively, ) such that . The set of all growth functions of positive lower type r, (for some ) such that the function is non-increasing on is denoted by .
For a growth function , the weighted Bergman–Orlicz space is the class of all functions f in such that
The quasi-norm on is defined as follows:
If or , then the quasi-norm on is finite and called the Luxembourg norm. A quasi-norm on a linear space X is similar to a norm in that it satisfies the norm axioms, except that the triangle inequality is replaced by the quasi-triangle inequality, that is, , for some and . The smallest C for which quasi-triangle inequality holds will be called the quasi-norm constant of . The Luxembourg space equipped with the Luxembourg quasi-norm is really a quasi-normed function space with the same quasi-triangle constant as the one of the quasi-norm. If , for , then we get the weighted Bergman space . If , then will be a Banach space which for is a translation-invariant metric space such that . To know more about these spaces one may refer [2,3] and the references therein.
A positive continuous function on is called as a weight. The weight is called to be a standard weight, if for , we have as . Further, for , we call a weight to be radial, if . For a weight the weighted-type space is the space of all functions for which
The little weighted-type space is the subspace of the space and contains all those for which
Clearly, is closed in . In particular, for , the space () will be the classical weighted-type spaces (respectively, classical little weighted-type spaces ). For , the space get reduced to the the space of bounded analytic function on . The weighted-type spaces have been studied by various authors see e.g., [4,5,6] and the references therein.
Let be a holomorphic self-map of and . Then, the composition, multiplication, differential and weighted composition operator on are respectively defined as
is a product-type operator as . More results on weighted composition operators on class of holomorphic functions can be found in [7,8] and the references therein. The product-type operators and were respectively, considered in [2] and [3]. To characterize the product-type operators in a unified way, new product-type operator was introduced which can be found in [9,10] and the references therein.
For , the radial derivative is defined by
where denotes the gradient of f which is defined by
Let be a holomorphic self map of , then
For more information about the radial derivative operator we refer to [11,12] and the references therein. Using radial derivative operator and , Liu and Yu in [13] studied the extension of the operator which is denoted by and defined as
where and . Clearly, by fixing in , all possible products of above defined operators can be obtained. In particular, by setting , the operator get reduced to . Similarly, for , the operator get reduced to . The above defined operator can be found in [13] and the references therein. Various product-type operators have been studied for spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk. For this one can refer [14,15,16,17,18,19]. Product-type operators for the unit ball have also been considered by various experts which can be found in [5,13,20,21,22,23]. Operators involving radial derivative have been considered in many papers some of which are [6,24,25] and the references therein.
In this paper, we investigate the boundedness as well as the compactness of the operators . This paper is represented in a systematic manner. Introduction and literature part is kept in Section 1 and Section 2 consists of some auxiliary results which are used to derive the main results. In Section 3, we characterize the boundedness of operators and . Finally, in Section 4, the compactness of operators and is given. Throughout the paper, for any two positive quantities a and b, the notation means that , for some constant . The constant C may differ at each occurrence. Further, if both and hold, then we simply write .
2. Auxiliary Results
To obtain the desired results, we have used the following auxiliary results:
Lemma 1.
Let and . There is a constant such that for any ,
Lemma 2.
Let , . Let . Suppose that . Then, the following function is in
Moreover, .
For the proof of Lemma 1 and Lemma 2, we refer to [26,27].
Lemma 3.
[28] Let and . Then, there are two positive constants and such that for any ,
Lemma 4.
[20] Let , denote an analytic self-map of . Then, is compact if and only if is bounded and for every sequence in which is bounded and on compact subsets of uniformly converges to zero as , we have as .
The compactness of from a holomorphic space to can be obtained by using the following lemma which is similar to Lemma 1 in [21]. So the proof is omitted.
Lemma 5.
A set A closed in is compact if and only if it is bounded and satisfy the following condition
3. Boundedness of Operator from Weighted Bergman–Orlicz Space to Weighted and Little Weighted Type Spaces
Theorem 1.
Let denote an analytic self map of and . Then, the following statements hold true:
- (a)
- Ifandthen is bounded.
- (b)
- If is bounded then the condition (1) hold and
Proof.
Thus, we have
Conversely, suppose that is bounded. Thus, there exist an independent constant such that
For , let
where and . This implies
Since
Therefore,
which implies
Using function , define a function as
Using Lemma 2, we have and . By Equation (10) and boundedness of the operator , we have
Thus,
This proves (1). For , we have
Taking the function , we obtain
Thus,
For a fixed , define
This implies
Now, we have
which implies
Using function , define another function
For , we have
Corollary 1.
Proof.
First suppose that is bounded. Then, by condition of Theorem 1, we see that (1) holds. So, we only need to prove (2). Using Cauchy-Schwartz inequality and (19), for we get
Thus, for , condition (20) implies that
Therefore, by Equation (13), we have
In Corollary 1, if we take and , then the operator get reduced to the weighted composition operator . Thus we get the following corollary for the boundedness of as:
Corollary 2.
Let be an analytic self map of and . Then the operator is bounded if and only if
Theorem 2.
Let be an analytic self map of and . Then, the operator is bounded if and only if is bounded and satisfy the conditions
and
Proof.
First suppose that is bounded. This implies the boundedness of . Thus for each , we have . On setting , we get that
which proves (23). Now, for take . So, we get
Thus,
which proves (24).
Conversely, suppose that (23), (24) hold and is bounded. Then, for each polynomial q and , we obtain
Therefore,
From the above fact, we get that . As we know that the class of all the polynomial is dense in , so for each , there will be a sequence such that
By the boundedness of the operator , we get that
Thus, . As is closed, this implies . Hence, the boundedness of follows from the boundedness of . This completes the proof. □
By taking and in Theorem 2, we get . Thus, we get the following corollary for the boundedness of as:
Corollary 3.
Let be an analytic self map of and . Then, the operator is bounded if and only if is bounded and .
Theorem 3.
Let denotes an analytic self map of and . Then, the operator is bounded if it satisfy the conditions
and
4. Compactness of the Operator from Weighted Bergman–Orlicz Space to Weighted and Little Weighted Type Spaces
Theorem 4.
Let denote a holomorphic self-map of and . Then, the following statements hold true:
- (a)
- If is bounded and satisfy the conditionsandthen, is compact.
- (b)
- If is compact then, it satisfy (28) along with the condition
Proof.
First suppose that is bounded and satisfy the conditions (28) and (29). Let be a bounded sequence converging to zero uniformly on compact subset of as . Let .
Now, by conditions (28) and (29), we have that for any , there will be a for which
and
when . Since is bounded, so condition (1) and (3) hold. In addition, on compact subset of , the sequence converges to zero. So, using the Cauchy’s estimate we get that on compact subsets of , the sequence uniformly converges to zero as . This implies that . Thus, there will be a such that
where . On combining conditions (31), (32) and (33) with Lemma 1, we get
when , which approaches to zero as . Hence the operator is compact.
Conversely, suppose that is compact. This implies that is bounded. If , then conditions (28) and (30) hold. Let and be a sequence such that as . Using sequence define a function
where
Clearly, and . Therefore,
when , we get that converges to zero uniformly on compact subsets of . Thus, converges to zero uniformly on compact subsets of . Therefore, by Lemma 4, it follows that the sequence uniformly converges to zero on any compact subsets of as such that
In addition, we have
Thus, we obtain
which implies that (28) holds. In order to prove condition (30), we define another sequence of functions
where
Therefore,
which implies
and
Similar to the sequence , the sequence and hence the sequence converges to zero uniformly on compact subsets of , and . By Lemma 4, we have
In addition, we have
Thus,
Corollary 4.
Let be an analytic self map of , and suppose the functions ξ and are linearly dependent. Then, we have the following equivalent statements:
Proof.
We omit the proof as it is easy to prove. □
In Corollary 4 if we take and , then we get the operator whose compactness can be given by the following corollary:
Corollary 5.
Let be an analytic self map of and . Then, the operator is compact if and only if is bounded and
Theorem 5.
Let denote a holomorphic self-map of and . Then, the following statements hold true
Proof.
Initially, suppose that conditions (26) and (27) hold. Then, from Theorem 3 we get that is bounded. Let in (4) and take supremum on the unit ball , we get that
Thus, on applying lemma 5, we get that the operator is compact.
Assume that is compact. This implies the compactness of . Condition in Theorem 4 implies that (28) and (30) hold. Thus, for , there exists a for which (31) hold along with the condition
where . Further, the compactness of implies that is bounded. Using Theorem 2, we see that (23) and (24) hold. Thus, for any , there exists a such that
and
when . Therefore, with and condition (31) implies that
Again, for and condition (39) implies that
Corollary 6.
Let be an analytic self map of , and suppose the functions ξ and are linearly dependent. Then, we have the following equivalent statements:
Proof.
We omit the proof as it is easy to prove. □
In Corollary 6 if we take and , then we get the operator whose compactness can be given by the following corollary:
Corollary 7.
Let be an analytic self map of and . Then, the operator is compact if and only if
5. Discussion and Conclusions
In this paper, we have considered the product type operators formed by the combination of composition, multiplication, differentiation and radial derivative operators acting between weighted Bergman–Orlicz spaces and weighted type spaces taken over the unit ball. We analysed these operators for basic properties including boundedness and compactness. The basic aim of this paper is to give the operator-theoretic characterization of these operators in terms of function–theoretic characterization of their including functions.
Author Contributions
M.D., K.R. and M.M. All authors have contributed equally to the conceptualization, design and implementation of this research work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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