Relationships between Nursing Students’ Skill Mastery, Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Facial Expressions: A Preliminary Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Settings and Participants
2.3. Instrumentation
2.3.1. Nursing Skill Mastery
2.3.2. Test Anxiety
2.3.3. Self-Efficacy
2.3.4. Facial Expression Recognition
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Ethical Considerations
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Study Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Practice Class | Skill Test | Z (p) |
---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | |||
Test anxiety | 2.00 ± 0.85 | 2.52 ± 0.87 | 2.83 (0.005) |
Self-efficacy | 3.66 ± 0.37 | 3.69 ± 0.41 | 0.88 (0.379) |
Facial expression (anger) | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.45 | 3.70 (<0.001) |
Facial expression (contempt) | 0.34 ± 1.51 | 0.53 ± 0.98 | 1.94 (0.052) |
Facial expression (disgust) | 0.02 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.89 | 3.39 (0.001) |
Facial expression (fear) | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 1.10 | 1.85 (0.064) |
Facial expression (happiness) | 18.13 ± 28.02 | 8.39 ± 14.04 | 1.72 (0.085) |
Facial expression (neutral) | 76.43 ± 29.88 | 83.90 ± 19.20 | 1.26 (0.208) |
Facial expression (sadness) | 4.69 ± 15.36 | 4.91 ± 5.52 | 2.46 (0.014) |
Facial expression (surprise) | 0.34 ± 0.65 | 1.48 ± 4.11 | 2.55 (0.011) |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs | ||||||||||
1. Nursing skill mastery | 1.00 | |||||||||
2. Test anxiety | 0.02 (0.933) | 1.00 | ||||||||
3. Self-efficacy | 0.29 (0.103) | −0.01 (0.995) | 1.00 | |||||||
4. Facial expression (anger) | 0.17 (0.349) | 0.05 (0.780) | 0.01 (0.945) | 1.00 | ||||||
5. Facial expression (contempt) | −0.13 (0.471) | 0.17 (0.354) | −0.10 (0.587) | −0.09 (0.639) | 1.00 | |||||
6. Facial expression (disgust) | 0.36 (0.042) | 0.07 (0.712) | −0.18 (0.306) | 0.53 (0.002) | 0.04 (0.828) | 1.00 | ||||
7. Facial expression (fear) | 0.20 (0.264) | 0.35 (0.046) | 0.20 (0.257) | 0.11 (0.548) | 0.30 (0.086) | 0.05 (0.775) | 1.00 | |||
8. Facial expression (happiness) | 0.05 (0.770) | −0.25 (0.168) | −0.20 (0.263) | −0.17 (0.355) | 0.30 (0.088) | 0.40 (0.022) | 0.21 (0.213) | 1.00 | ||
9. Facial expression (neutral) | −0.01 (0.946) | 0.23 (0.201) | 0.15 (0.394) | −0.04 (0.810) | −0.33 (0.058) | −0.43 (0.012) | −0.34 (0.052) | −0.77 (<0.001) | 1.00 | |
10. Facial expression (sadness) | −0.06 (0.731) | −0.05 (0.765) | −0.02 (0.896) | 0.37 (0.034) | 0.21 (0.250) | 0.31 (0.076) | 0.41 (0.019) | 0.20 (0.268) | −0.57 (0.001) | 1.00 |
11. Facial expression (surprise) | 0.11 (0.543) | 0.24 (0.170) | 0.25 (0.168) | −0.08 (0.660) | 0.06 (0.753) | −0.08 (0.653) | 0.68 (<0.001) | 0.27 (0.119) | −0.27 (0.126) | 0.07 (0.719) |
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Kim, M.S.; Choi, B.K.; Uhm, J.-Y.; Ryu, J.M.; Kang, M.K.; Park, J. Relationships between Nursing Students’ Skill Mastery, Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Facial Expressions: A Preliminary Observational Study. Healthcare 2022, 10, 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020311
Kim MS, Choi BK, Uhm J-Y, Ryu JM, Kang MK, Park J. Relationships between Nursing Students’ Skill Mastery, Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Facial Expressions: A Preliminary Observational Study. Healthcare. 2022; 10(2):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020311
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Myoung Soo, Byung Kwan Choi, Ju-Yeon Uhm, Jung Mi Ryu, Min Kyeong Kang, and Jiwon Park. 2022. "Relationships between Nursing Students’ Skill Mastery, Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Facial Expressions: A Preliminary Observational Study" Healthcare 10, no. 2: 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020311