Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening among Female Pharmacy Students at a Public University in a Southern Region of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Tool
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Scorings
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Subjects
3.2. Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention
3.3. Attitude towards Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention
3.4. Practice towards Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention
3.5. Association of Demographic Characteristics with KAP Scores
3.6. Predictive Factors of Likelihood of Receiving Cervical Cancer Screening and Cervical Cancer Vaccines
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Frequency | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (in years) | Range—18 to 28 | Mean—19.77 | * SD—6.708 |
Marital status | Single | 136 | 97.1 |
Married | 3 | 2.1 | |
Divorced | 1 | 0.7 | |
Year of Pharmacy Education | Second year | 31 | 22.1 |
Third year | 29 | 20.7 | |
Fourth-year | 35 | 25 | |
Final year | 45 | 32.1 | |
Family history of cancer | Negative or Not known | 107 | 76.4 |
Positive | 33 | 23.6 | |
Family history of cervical cancer | Negative or Not known | 132 | 94.3 |
Positive | 8 | 5.7 | |
Smoking history | Negative | 120 | 85.7 |
Positive | 20 | 14.3 | |
Total | 119 | 100.0 |
Items Related to Knowledge | Correct Answer N (%) | Wrong Answer N (%) |
---|---|---|
1. What is the causative organism of cervical cancer? | 94 (67.1) | 46 (32.9) |
2. What are the symptoms of cervical cancer? | 66 (47.1) | 74 (52.9) |
3. Do you know the risk factors for cervical cancer? | 72 (51.4) | 68 (48.6) |
4. How can an individual prevent cervical cancer? | 71 (50.7) | 69 (49.3) |
5. Can cervical cancer be cured in its earliest stages? | 86 (61.4) | 54 (38.6) |
6. How can someone with cervical cancer be treated? | 93 (66.4) | 47 (33.6) |
7. Who should be screened? | 47 (33.6) | 93 (66.4) |
8. Which screening method do you know to detect cervical cancer? | 40 (28.6) | 100 (71.4) |
9. What is the best time for doing a Pap smear test? | 44 (31.4) | 96 (68.6) |
Average of all items | 68 (48.7) | 72 (51.3) |
Items Related to Attitude | Strongly Disagree N (%) | Disagree N (%) | Neutral N (%) | Agree N (%) | Strongly Agree N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 (6.4) | 11 (7.8) | 61 (43.6) | 47 (33.6) | 12 (8.6) |
| 7 (5) | 0 (0) | 15 (10.7) | 51 (36.4) | 67 (47.9) |
| 22 (15.7) | 26 (18.6) | 56 (40) | 28 (20) | 8 (5.7) |
| 8 (5.7) | 8 (5.7) | 37 (26.4) | 69 (49.3) | 18 (12.9) |
| 10 (7.1) | 8 (5.7) | 41 (29.3) | 68 (48.6) | 13 (9.3) |
| 11 (7.9) | 7 (5.0) | 37 (26.4) | 61 (43.6) | 24 (17.1) |
| 9 (6.4) | 0 (0) | 31 (22.1) | 60 (42.9) | 40 (28.6) |
| 12 (8.6) | 14 (10) | 40 (28.6) | 52 (37.1) | 22 (15.7) |
Items Related to Practice | Responses | Frequency N (%) |
---|---|---|
1. Have you ever been screened for cervical cancer | Yes | 8 (5.7) |
No | 132 (94.3) | |
2. Reason for screening | I have menstrual irregularity | 2 (25) |
Had some symptoms | 1 (12.5) | |
Just a routine health screening | 2 (25) | |
Others | 3 (37.5) | |
3. Reason for not being screened | I feel shy | 11 (8.3) |
I am healthy | 64 (48.5) | |
I have no information about screening | 30 (22.7) | |
No symptoms | 12 (9.1) | |
It may be painful | 6 (4.5) | |
No reasons or others | 9 (6.8) | |
4. Do you receive a cervical cancer vaccine? | Yes | 9 (6.4) |
No | 131 (93.6) |
Characteristics | Knowledge Category | Attitude Category | Practice Category | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Poor | Moderate | Good | Negative | Positive | Poor | Good | ||
Year of Pharmacy Education | Second year | 31 | 18 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 29 | 30 | 1 |
Third year | 29 | 18 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 29 | 24 | 5 | |
Fourth-year | 35 | 27 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 32 | 31 | 4 | |
Final year | 45 | 32 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 41 | 41 | 4 | |
X2 | 8.866 | 2.712 | 3.411 | ||||||
p-value | 0.181 | 0.438 | 0.332 | ||||||
Family history of cancer | Negative or Not known | 107 | 75 | 21 | 11 | 9 | 98 | 97 | 10 |
Positive | 33 | 20 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 33 | 29 | 4 | |
X2 | 4.879 | 2.966 | 0.216 | ||||||
p-value | 0.087 | 0.085 | 0.642 | ||||||
Family history of cervical cancer | Negative or Not known | 132 | 90 | 30 | 12 | 9 | 123 | 120 | 12 |
Positive | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 2 | |
X2 | 1.462 | 0.583 | 2.121 | ||||||
p-value | 0.482 | 0.445 | 0.145 | ||||||
Smoking history | Negative | 120 | 85 | 24 | 11 | 9 | 111 | 108 | 12 |
Positive | 20 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 18 | 2 | |
X2 | 5.989 | 1.603 | 0.000 | ||||||
p-value | 0.050 * | 0.205 | 1.000 | ||||||
Total | 140 | 95 (67.9%) | 33 (23.6%) | 12 (8.5%) | 9 (6.5%) | 131 (93.5%) | 126 (90%) | 14 (10%) |
Characteristics | Likely to Attend Cervical Cancer Screening | Likely to Take Cervical Cancer Vaccine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | ||
Level of education | Lower level of education | 95 | 90 | 5 | 89 | 6 |
Higher level of education | 45 | 42 | 3 | 42 | 3 | |
X2 | 0.112 | 0.006 * | ||||
p-value | 0.738 | 0.937 | ||||
Family history of cancer | Negative or Not known | 107 | 102 | 5 | 100 | 7 |
Positive | 33 | 30 | 3 | 31 | 2 | |
X2 | 0.914 | 0.010 * | ||||
p-value | 0.339 | 0.921 | ||||
Family history of cervical cancer | Negative or Not known | 132 | 125 | 7 | 124 | 8 |
Positive | 8 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | |
X2 | 0.725 | 0.520 | ||||
p-value | 0.394 | 0.471 | ||||
Smoking history | Negative | 120 | 113 | 7 | 113 | 7 |
Positive | 20 | 19 | 1 | 18 | 2 | |
X2 | 0.022 * | 0.495 | ||||
p-value | 0.882 | 0.482 | ||||
Total | 140 | 132 | 8 | 131 | 9 |
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Easwaran, V.; Shorog, E.M.; Alshahrani, A.A.; Mohammad, A.A.S.; Sadiq, M.M.J.; Alavudeen, S.S.; Khan, N.A.; Akhtar, M.S.; Almeleebia, T.M.; Alshahrani, S.M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening among Female Pharmacy Students at a Public University in a Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202798
Easwaran V, Shorog EM, Alshahrani AA, Mohammad AAS, Sadiq MMJ, Alavudeen SS, Khan NA, Akhtar MS, Almeleebia TM, Alshahrani SM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening among Female Pharmacy Students at a Public University in a Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2023; 11(20):2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202798
Chicago/Turabian StyleEaswaran, Vigneshwaran, Eman Mohammed Shorog, Almaha Ali Alshahrani, Asif Ansari Shaik Mohammad, Mantargi Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq, Sirajudeen Shaik Alavudeen, Noohu Abdulla Khan, Md Sayeed Akhtar, Tahani Musleh Almeleebia, and Sultan Mohammed Alshahrani. 2023. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening among Female Pharmacy Students at a Public University in a Southern Region of Saudi Arabia" Healthcare 11, no. 20: 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202798
APA StyleEaswaran, V., Shorog, E. M., Alshahrani, A. A., Mohammad, A. A. S., Sadiq, M. M. J., Alavudeen, S. S., Khan, N. A., Akhtar, M. S., Almeleebia, T. M., & Alshahrani, S. M. (2023). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening among Female Pharmacy Students at a Public University in a Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare, 11(20), 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202798