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Article

Awareness and Perceptions of the Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Level of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases among the Adult Population in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

by
Ayoub A. Al-shaikh
1,
Abdullah Alhelali
2,
Syed Esam Mahmood
1,*,
Fatima Riaz
1,
Abdulrahim Ali Hassan Hassan
3,
Abduaelah Ali H Hassan
3,
Bandar Mohammed Mushabbab Asiri
3,
Abdulaziz Saad Mohammed Al-shahrani
3,
Abdullah Jallwi Mohammed Korkoman
3,
Abdullah Fahad Alahmari
3,
Abeer Ali Hassan Hassan
3,
Mohammed O. Shami
4,
Ausaf Ahmad
5,
Rishi K. Bharti
1 and
Md. Zeyaullah
6
1
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha Children Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia
3
College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
4
College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Community Medicine, Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
6
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2023, 11(6), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060890
Submission received: 14 February 2023 / Revised: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 15 March 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Topic The Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Checkpoint: Implications for Current and Emergent Immunotherapies)
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Abstract

The widespread misconception that tonsillectomy leads to a decrease in immunity may lead to fear and avoidance of the operation. This can result in a deterioration of the situation, such as sleep-related breathing issues, frequent infections, and an increase in complications. The current research was conducted to assess the awareness and perception with respect to the impact of tonsillectomy on the immune system and to assess the awareness and perception of the relationship between autoimmune diseases and tonsillectomy. This 6-month descriptive cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted among individuals who were 18 years and above living in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 800 study subjects, 104 (13%) had undergone tonsillectomy. Statistically significant associations were found between age group, education, income, and occupation among those who had undergone tonsillectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ages 18–30 years and 31–40 years (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.18–4.71, and OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.53–3.97) and education levels of high school, bachelors, and above (OR: 8.30, 95% CI: 3.05–22.58 and OR: 10.89, 95% CI: 4.23–28.05) were found to be associated with tonsillectomy status of the subjects. On the contrary, income levels of 5000–9000 and >9000 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.36–1.17 and OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.42–1.42) and male gender (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.52–1.19) were found to be associated with non-tonsillectomy status of subjects. Almost 36% of study subjects thought that tonsillectomy affects immunity. Only 18% of study subjects thought that there is a relationship between tonsillectomy and autoimmune diseases. About one-third of the respondents had received this information from community members and social media. A small number of study subjects relied on public awareness programs. Therefore, social media can play a vital role in the community to remove misconceptions regarding tonsillectomy and its effect on immunity and autoimmune disease. Further educational interventional studies are required to see the correction to the public perception of tonsillectomy and its effect on immunity and autoimmune diseases.
Keywords: awareness; perceptions; tonsillectomy; immunity awareness; perceptions; tonsillectomy; immunity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-shaikh, A.A.; Alhelali, A.; Mahmood, S.E.; Riaz, F.; Hassan, A.A.H.; Hassan, A.A.H.; Asiri, B.M.M.; Al-shahrani, A.S.M.; Korkoman, A.J.M.; Alahmari, A.F.; et al. Awareness and Perceptions of the Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Level of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases among the Adult Population in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2023, 11, 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060890

AMA Style

Al-shaikh AA, Alhelali A, Mahmood SE, Riaz F, Hassan AAH, Hassan AAH, Asiri BMM, Al-shahrani ASM, Korkoman AJM, Alahmari AF, et al. Awareness and Perceptions of the Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Level of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases among the Adult Population in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2023; 11(6):890. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060890

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-shaikh, Ayoub A., Abdullah Alhelali, Syed Esam Mahmood, Fatima Riaz, Abdulrahim Ali Hassan Hassan, Abduaelah Ali H Hassan, Bandar Mohammed Mushabbab Asiri, Abdulaziz Saad Mohammed Al-shahrani, Abdullah Jallwi Mohammed Korkoman, Abdullah Fahad Alahmari, and et al. 2023. "Awareness and Perceptions of the Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Level of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases among the Adult Population in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" Healthcare 11, no. 6: 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060890

APA Style

Al-shaikh, A. A., Alhelali, A., Mahmood, S. E., Riaz, F., Hassan, A. A. H., Hassan, A. A. H., Asiri, B. M. M., Al-shahrani, A. S. M., Korkoman, A. J. M., Alahmari, A. F., Hassan, A. A. H., Shami, M. O., Ahmad, A., Bharti, R. K., & Zeyaullah, M. (2023). Awareness and Perceptions of the Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Level of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases among the Adult Population in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare, 11(6), 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060890

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