Understanding the Associations between Executive Function and Psychological Variables in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Network Analysis Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Selection Attention
2.3. Visuospatial Memory
2.4. Executive Function
2.5. Clinical, Psychological, and Cognitive Variables
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cognitive Domains | Neuropsychological Tests | Outcomes | Administration |
---|---|---|---|
Short-term and Working Verbal Memory | Digit Span Forward | Span of digits | Auditory - Oral |
Digit Span Backward | Auditory Working Memory | ||
Digit Span Sequencing | Auditory Working Memory | ||
Selective Attention | D2 Test of Attention | D2_TR | Visual - Manual (Paper) |
D2_TA | |||
D2_TOT | |||
D2_CON | |||
D2_VAR | |||
D2_O | |||
D2_C | |||
Long-Term Visual Memory | ROCF | ROCF_Copy | Visual - Manual (Paper) |
ROCF_Recall | |||
ROCF_TimeCopy | |||
Processing Speed | Symbol Search | Symbol Search direct punctuation | Visual - Manual (Paper) |
Mental Inhibition and Flexibility | Five Digits Test FDT | Decoding_FDT | Visual - Oral |
Retrieving_FDT | |||
Inhibiting_FDT | |||
Shifting_FDT | |||
Planning | Zoo Map Test (BADS) | Personal test punctuation | Visual - Manual (Paper) |
Controls (n = 111) | Patients (n = 129) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean (SD) 55.3 (13.9) | Mean (SD) 54.7 (9.4) |
Height (cm) | Mean (SD) 161.0 (6.9 | Mean (SD) 162.3 (7.1) |
Weight (kg) | Mean (SD) 65.7 (12.0) | Mean (SD) 72.7 (15.1) |
Time with pain (years) | ----- | Mean (SD) 21.3 (13.0) |
ROCF_Copy | Mean (SD) 32.2 (4.0) | Mean (SD) 30.9 (7.1) |
ROCF_Recall | Mean (SD) 15.4 (7.0) | Mean (SD) 12.5 (7.1) |
ROCF_Time Copy | Mean (SD) 3.9 (14.8) | Mean (SD) 3.1 (1.0) |
d2_TR | Mean (SD) 383.8 (91.3) | Mean (SD) 332.1 (90.4) |
d2_TA | Mean (SD) 134.3 (41.4) | Mean (SD) 107.6 (40.1) |
d2_O | Mean (SD) 28.2 (29.9) | Mean (SD) 32.8 (38.1) |
d2_C | Mean (SD) 3.8 (10.6) | Mean (SD) 4.9 (13.0) |
d2_TOT | Mean (SD) 350.3 (93.4) | Mean (SD) 290.4 (87.9) |
d2_CON | Mean (SD) 131.2 (45.5) | Mean (SD) 103.7 (44.0) |
d2_VAR | Mean (SD) 14.8 (7.0) | Mean (SD) 15.5 (7.4) |
Symbol_Search | Mean (SD) 31.0 (8.7) | Mean (SD) 26.3 (8.5) |
Digits_SF | Mean (SD) 8.3 (2.0) | Mean (SD) 7.6 (2.0) |
Digits_SB | Mean (SD) 7.5 (2.0) | Mean (SD) 6.6 (1.8) |
Digits_SS | Mean (SD) 7.9 (2.4) | Mean (SD) 6.8 (2.1) |
Decoding_FDT | Mean (SD) 19.9 (3.7) | Mean (SD) 25.6 (9.7) |
Retrieving_FDT | Mean (SD) 22.3 (4.4) | Mean (SD) 29.6 (9.7) |
Inhibiting_FDT | Mean (SD) 36.3 (10.3) | Mean (SD) 48.4 (25.7) |
Shifting_FDT | Mean (SD) 49 (14.9) | Mean (SD) 62.0 (33.9) |
Zoo Map Test | Mean (SD) 12.2 (3.4) | Mean (SD) 10.9 (4.1) |
NPRS (0–10) | ----- | Mean (SD) 7.6 (1.3) |
HADS-A (0–21) | Mean (SD) 5.9 (4.1) | Mean (SD) 13.5 (3.9) |
HADS-D (0–21) | Mean (SD) 3.5 (3.6) | Mean (SD) 11.05 (4.3) |
PVAQ-9 (0–45) | Mean (SD) 16.35 (12.6) | Mean (SD) 29.4 (7.8) |
PSQI (0–21) | Mean (SD) 7.2 (4.1) | Mean (SD) 15.2 (3.8) |
FIQ (0–100) | ---- | Mean (SD) 75.2 (12.2) |
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Pacho-Hernández, J.C.; Fernández-Palacios, F.G.; Tejera-Alonso, Á.; Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C.; Varol, U.; Valera-Calero, J.A.; Fernández-Méndez, L.M.; Cigarán-Mendez, M. Understanding the Associations between Executive Function and Psychological Variables in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Network Analysis Approach. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161678
Pacho-Hernández JC, Fernández-Palacios FG, Tejera-Alonso Á, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Varol U, Valera-Calero JA, Fernández-Méndez LM, Cigarán-Mendez M. Understanding the Associations between Executive Function and Psychological Variables in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Network Analysis Approach. Healthcare. 2024; 12(16):1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161678
Chicago/Turabian StylePacho-Hernández, Juan C., Francisco G. Fernández-Palacios, Ángela Tejera-Alonso, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Umut Varol, Juan A. Valera-Calero, Luis M. Fernández-Méndez, and Margarita Cigarán-Mendez. 2024. "Understanding the Associations between Executive Function and Psychological Variables in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Network Analysis Approach" Healthcare 12, no. 16: 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161678