The Development of the Adaptive Behavior Scale for Stroke Survivors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Procedures
2.2.1. Construct Definition and Content Domain
2.2.2. Generating and Judging Measurement Items
- Generating an item pool
- Content validity
2.2.3. Designing and Conducting Studies to Develop and Refine the Scale
2.2.4. Finalizing the Scale
- Participants
- Data collection
- Data analysis
2.3. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Construct Definition and Content Domain
3.2. Generating and Judging Measurement Items
- Generating an item pool
- Content validity
3.3. Designing and Conducting Studies to Develop and Refine the Scale
3.4. Finalizing the Scale
3.4.1. Participants Characteristics
3.4.2. Construct and Concurrent Validity
3.4.3. Reliability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Factors | No | Items | Strongly Agree (5) | Agree (4) | Neutral (3) | Disagree (2) | Strongly Disagree (1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taking an optimistic view | 1 | I have hope that my condition will be better than now | |||||
2 | I don’t despair of having a stroke | ||||||
3 | I can endure it even if the rehabilitation period is long | ||||||
4 | I am living a meaningful life | ||||||
5 | I have a role that suits me at home and in society | ||||||
6 | I can calm myself down when my mind is unstable | ||||||
Restructuring daily activities to suit oneself | 7 | If I have difficulty swallowing food due to a stroke, I will switch to easier-to-eat foods, such as porridge or liquid food | |||||
8 | If the stroke causes fatigue, I will control my activities so that I don’t overwork myself | ||||||
9 | If I have pain from a stroke, I will find ways to reduce the pain, such as medication, physical therapy, and rest | ||||||
10 | If I need help, I can ask for help from family or relatives | ||||||
11 | If it is difficult to walk alone due to a stroke, I will use an assistive device such as a cane, crutches, or a wheelchair | ||||||
Carrying out daily life | 12 | I eat myself | |||||
13 | I dress and undress by myself | ||||||
14 | I wash myself | ||||||
15 | I go to the toilet by myself | ||||||
16 | I drive or use public transportation or an accessible vehicle to get out of town |
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Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | M ± SD (min–max) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Men | 143 (66.5) | |
Women | 72 (33.5) | ||
Age (years) | 68.75 ± 11.27 (27–90) | ||
≤54 | 21 (9.8) | ||
55–64 | 45 (20.9) | ||
65–74 | 83 (38.6) | ||
75–84 | 54 (25.1) | ||
≥85 | 12 (5.6) | ||
Education level | Elementary school | 67 (31.2) | |
Middle school | 37 (17.2) | ||
High school | 65 (30.2) | ||
College | 46 (21.4) | ||
Employed | Yes | 77 (35.8) | |
No | 138 (64.2) | ||
Have a religion | Yes | 121 (56.3) | |
No | 94 (43.7) | ||
Perceived health status | Very good | 7 (3.3) | |
Good | 52 (24.2) | ||
Fair | 95 (44.2) | ||
Poor | 59 (27.4) | ||
Very poor | 2 (0.9) | ||
Perceived economic satisfaction | Very good | 3 (1.4) | |
Good | 69 (32.1) | ||
Fair | 107 (49.8) | ||
Poor | 32 (14.9) | ||
Very poor | 4 (1.9) | ||
Duration of stroke (months) | 46.20 ± 60.75 (0–360) | ||
≤6 | 58 (27.0) | ||
7–24 | 60 (27.9) | ||
≥25 | 97 (45.1) | ||
Hemiplegia | Yes | 76 (35.3) | |
Left | 39 (18.1) | ||
Right | 37 (17.2) | ||
No | 139 (64.7) | ||
With a caregiver | Yes | 179 (83.3) | |
Spouse | 109 (50.7) | ||
Parents | 6 (2.8) | ||
Children | 48 (22.3) | ||
Relative | 10 (4.7) | ||
Facility | 6 (2.8) | ||
No | 36 (16.7) |
Items | First Model | Second Model | Revised | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standardized Estimates | S.E. | SMC | C.R. | Standardized Estimates | S.E. | SMC | C.R. | ||
Factor 1. Taking an optimistic view | |||||||||
A14 | 0.74 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.56 | |||||
A18 | 0.63 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 8.73 | 0.60 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 8.52 | |
A19 | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.47 | 9.54 | Deleted | ||||
A24 | 0.75 | 0.13 | 0.57 | 10.50 | 0.67 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 9.41 | |
A34 | 0.63 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 8.72 | 0.69 | 0.10 | 0.48 | 9.70 | |
A28 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 7.34 | |||||
A35 | 0.69 | 0.10 | 0.48 | 9.75 | |||||
Factor 2. Restructuring daily activities to suit oneself | |||||||||
A10 | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.33 | |||||
A11 | 0.45 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 5.44 | Deleted | ||||
A23 | 0.57 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 6.44 | 0.62 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 6.54 | |
A26 | 0.63 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 6.93 | 0.62 | 0.10 | 0.38 | 6.85 | |
A30 | 0.70 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 7.34 | 0.74 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 7.48 | |
A35 | 0.60 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 6.72 | Modified to factor 1 | ||||
A20 | 0.44 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 5.36 | 0.47 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 5.62 | |
Factor 3. Carrying out one’s daily life | |||||||||
A8 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.74 | 0.55 | |||||
A22 | 0.91 | 0.06 | 0.83 | 14.23 | 0.91 | 0.06 | 0.83 | 14.03 | |
A25 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 8.31 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 8.20 | |
A27 | 0.81 | 0.05 | 0.67 | 12.57 | 0.82 | 0.05 | 0.67 | 12.45 | |
A28 | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 5.86 | Modified to factor 1 | ||||
A29 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 0.83 | 14.25 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 14.07 |
Factors | Correlation Coefficients ± 2 × S.E | AVE | CR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |||
1. Taking an optimistic view | 0.60 | 0.90 | |||
2. Restructuring daily activities to suit oneself | 0.74–0.84 | 0.60 | 0.88 | ||
3. Carrying out one’s daily life | 0.58–0.68 | 0.63–0.75 | 0.72 | 0.92 |
Factors | Number of Items | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|---|
Taking an optimistic view | 6 | 0.82 |
Restructuring daily activities to suit oneself | 5 | 0.74 |
Carrying out one’s daily life | 5 | 0.89 |
Total | 16 | 0.90 |
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Choi, H.; Song, Y. The Development of the Adaptive Behavior Scale for Stroke Survivors. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171719
Choi H, Song Y. The Development of the Adaptive Behavior Scale for Stroke Survivors. Healthcare. 2024; 12(17):1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171719
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Hyunsuk, and Youngshin Song. 2024. "The Development of the Adaptive Behavior Scale for Stroke Survivors" Healthcare 12, no. 17: 1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171719