The Effect of Spinal Manipulation on the Electrophysiological and Metabolic Properties of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Setting
2.2. Participants
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Randomization and Blinding
2.5. Experimental Procedure
2.6. Interventions
2.6.1. Spinal Manipulation
2.6.2. Control Intervention
2.7. Outcome Measures
2.7.1. Intramuscular and High-Density EMG Experimental Procedure (Including MVC’s)
2.7.2. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Experimental Procedure (Including MVC’s)
2.8. Data Analysis
2.8.1. Conduction Velocity with High-Density EMG
2.8.2. Intramuscular EMG
2.8.3. NIRS Signals
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MVC
3.2. Discharge Rate/Firing Frequency (Intramuscular EMG)
3.3. Conduction Velocity (HDsEMG)
3.4. Metabolic Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Chiropractic Adjustments Alter Muscle Strength
4.2. Electrophysiological and Metabolic Changes
4.3. Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Niazi, I.K.; Kamavuako, E.N.; Holt, K.; Janjua, T.A.M.; Kumari, N.; Amjad, I.; Haavik, H. The Effect of Spinal Manipulation on the Electrophysiological and Metabolic Properties of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle. Healthcare 2020, 8, 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040548
Niazi IK, Kamavuako EN, Holt K, Janjua TAM, Kumari N, Amjad I, Haavik H. The Effect of Spinal Manipulation on the Electrophysiological and Metabolic Properties of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle. Healthcare. 2020; 8(4):548. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040548
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiazi, Imran Khan, Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako, Kelly Holt, Taha Al Muhammadee Janjua, Nitika Kumari, Imran Amjad, and Heidi Haavik. 2020. "The Effect of Spinal Manipulation on the Electrophysiological and Metabolic Properties of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle" Healthcare 8, no. 4: 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040548