Towards Employee Creativity in the Healthcare Sector: Investigating the Role of Polychronicity, Job Engagement, and Functional Flexibility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature
2.1. Hypothesis Development
2.1.1. Employee Polychronicity and Employee Creativity
2.1.2. Job Engagement Mediates Polychronicity and Creativity
2.1.3. Functional Flexibility Moderates Polychronicity and Creativity
3. Methodology
3.1. Data Collection
3.1.1. Polychronicity
3.1.2. Job Engagement
3.1.3. Employee Creativity
3.1.4. Functional Flexibility
3.1.5. Control Variables
4. Analysis and Results
4.1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
4.2. Common Method Bias
4.3. Validity and Multicollinearity
4.4. Correlation
4.5. Hypothesis Testing
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Implications
5.3. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | χ2 | Df | χ2/df | RMESA | GFI | CFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypothesized four-factor model | 1543.21 | 698 | 2.2109 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
Three-factor model | 1698.54 | 621 | 2.73517 | 0.12 | 0.69 | 0.65 |
Two-factor model | 1689.14 | 538 | 3.13967 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.55 |
Single-factor model | 1725.32 | 512 | 3.36977 | 0.39 | 0.57 | 0.53 |
Variables Details | Alpha | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|
Employee Creativity | 0.828 | 0.955 | 0.715 |
Functional flexibility | 0.841 | 0.908 | 0.713 |
Job Engagement | 0.837 | 0.967 | 0.701 |
Polychronicity | 0.861 | 0.943 | 0.722 |
Variable | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Age | 2.4 | 0.57 | 1.00 | ||||||||
2 | Experience | 2.5 | 0.61 | −0.02 | 1.00 | |||||||
3 | Marital-Status | 1.3 | 0.59 | 0.11 | −0.03 | 1.00 | ||||||
4 | Working-Hours | 2.6 | 0.63 | −0.05 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 1.00 | |||||
5 | Education | 2.9 | 0.54 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 1.00 | ||||
6 | Polychronicity | 3.2 | 0.81 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 1.00 | |||
7 | Job Engagement | 3.3 | 0.88 | −0.08 | −0.10 | 0.03 | −0.04 | 0.12 | 0.35 ** | 1.00 | ||
8 | Creativity | 3.6 | 0.91 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.29 ** | 0.41 ** | 1.00 | |
9 | Functional flexibility | 3.5 | 0.89 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.26 ** | 0.22 ** | 0.33 ** | 1.00 |
Job Engagement | Creativity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Model-1 | Model-2 | Model-3 | Model-4 | Model-5 | Model-6 | Model-7 |
Age | −0.024 | −0.019 | −0.015 | −0.008 | −0.009 | −0.011 | −0.014 |
Experience | −0.048 | −0.021 | −0.018 | −0.011 | −0.014 | −0.024 | −0.023 |
Marital status | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.022 | 0.015 | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.018 |
Working hours | −0.054 | −0.061 | −0.051 | −0.048 | −0.038 | −0.051 | −0.042 |
Education | 0.017 | 0.018 | 0.015 | 0.022 | 0.014 | 0.019 | 0.016 |
Polychronicity | 0.36 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.11 | ||
Job Engagement | 0.40 ** | 0.39 ** | |||||
Functional flexibility | 0.25 ** | 0.22 ** | |||||
Poly × Functional flexibility | 0.17 ** | ||||||
R2 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.37 |
∆R2 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.36 |
F | 4.23 * | 32.25 ** | 41.54 ** | 51.26 ** | 57.54 ** | 23.18 ** | 42.21 ** |
∆F | 3.15 * | 149.87 ** | 178.12 ** | 214.52 ** | 147.71 ** | 124.38 ** | 161.34 ** |
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Waheed, J.; Jun, W.; Yousaf, Z.; Radulescu, M.; Hussain, H. Towards Employee Creativity in the Healthcare Sector: Investigating the Role of Polychronicity, Job Engagement, and Functional Flexibility. Healthcare 2021, 9, 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070837
Waheed J, Jun W, Yousaf Z, Radulescu M, Hussain H. Towards Employee Creativity in the Healthcare Sector: Investigating the Role of Polychronicity, Job Engagement, and Functional Flexibility. Healthcare. 2021; 9(7):837. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070837
Chicago/Turabian StyleWaheed, Junaid, Wen Jun, Zahid Yousaf, Magdalena Radulescu, and Hadi Hussain. 2021. "Towards Employee Creativity in the Healthcare Sector: Investigating the Role of Polychronicity, Job Engagement, and Functional Flexibility" Healthcare 9, no. 7: 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070837