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Article

Origin Authentication of European and American Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Based on Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Characteristics Combined with Chemometrics Methods

1
Ningbo Customs Technology Center, Ningbo 315012, China
2
College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3
Ningbo Key Laboratory of Port Biological and Food Safety Testing, Ningbo 315100, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Chemosensors 2023, 11(10), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100536
Submission received: 21 August 2023 / Revised: 24 September 2023 / Accepted: 7 October 2023 / Published: 12 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry)

Abstract

The research into and applications of wood origin traceability technology are of great significance for promoting the standardization and legality of the global timber trade. This paper focuses on analyzing the content of ten mineral elements and the ratios of stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N in ash samples. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess the clusters and differences in mineral elements, as well as δ13C and δ15N, among the samples, for identifying the different factors used to trace the origin of ash imported from different regions. Through unsupervised clustering and supervised discriminant modeling, a highly accurate method for discriminant analysis was developed. The results reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) in the contents of Mg, Cu, and Sr, as well as δ15N, between European and American samples. Additionally, the normalized results of mineral elements and isotope ratios were then subjected to partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), resulting in the highest level of separation. This analysis achieved an overall accuracy of 96.2% in discriminating between samples of European and American ash. The chemometrics analysis method integrating stable isotope analysis with elemental analysis exhibited potential for discriminating between samples from European and American ash.
Keywords: wood identification; origin traceability; mineral elements; isotope ratios; chemometrics; Fraxinus spp.; ash wood identification; origin traceability; mineral elements; isotope ratios; chemometrics; Fraxinus spp.; ash
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, H.; Liu, H.; Lu, B.; Ma, M.; Chen, J.; Nie, J. Origin Authentication of European and American Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Based on Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Characteristics Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Chemosensors 2023, 11, 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100536

AMA Style

Wang H, Liu H, Lu B, Ma M, Chen J, Nie J. Origin Authentication of European and American Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Based on Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Characteristics Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Chemosensors. 2023; 11(10):536. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100536

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Haibo, Huahong Liu, Bo Lu, Ming Ma, Jianguo Chen, and Jinfang Nie. 2023. "Origin Authentication of European and American Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Based on Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Characteristics Combined with Chemometrics Methods" Chemosensors 11, no. 10: 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100536

APA Style

Wang, H., Liu, H., Lu, B., Ma, M., Chen, J., & Nie, J. (2023). Origin Authentication of European and American Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Based on Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Characteristics Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Chemosensors, 11(10), 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100536

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