Next Article in Journal
Expression of Claudin-9 (CLDN9) in Breast Cancer, the Clinical Significance in Connection with Its Subcoat Anchorage Proteins ZO-1 and ZO-3 and Impact on Drug Resistance
Next Article in Special Issue
Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment
Previous Article in Journal
Textural Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Images as an Additional Evaluation Tool of Parotid Glands in Sjögren—Primarily Findings
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Biomedicines
Volume 11
Issue 12
10.3390/biomedicines11123133
biomedicines-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Role of rs873601 Polymorphisms in Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

by
Ting Zou
1,2,3,4,
Jun-Yan Liu
5,
Qun Qin
1,4,
Jie Guo
1,4,
Wen-Zhi Zhou
1,4,
Xiang-Ping Li
1,
Hong-Hao Zhou
2,
Juan Chen
1,3,* and
Zhao-Qian Liu
2,3,*
1
Department of Pharmacy, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
3
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
4
International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Early Clinical Trials of Biological Agents in Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
5
Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3133; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123133
Submission received: 11 October 2023 / Revised: 15 November 2023 / Accepted: 22 November 2023 / Published: 24 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Biology, Therapeutics and Drug Resistance)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Background: Lung cancer is still the most lethal malignancy in the world, according to the report of Cancer Statistics in 2021. Platinum-based chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is the first-line treatment in lung cancer patients. However, the 5-year survival rate is always affected by the adverse reactions and drug resistance caused by platinum-based chemotherapy. DNA damage and repair system is one of the important mechanisms that can affect the response to chemotherapy and clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients. Objective: The objective of this study is to find the relationship between the polymorphisms of DNA repair genes with the prognosis of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Patients and Methods: We performed genotyping in 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Excision Repair Cross-Complementation group (ERCC) genes and X-ray Repair Cross-Complementing (XRCC) genes of 345 lung cancer patients via Sequenom MassARRAY. We used Cox proportional hazard models, state, and plink to analyze the associations between SNPs and the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Results: We found that the ERCC5 rs873601 was associated with the overall survival time in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (p = 0.031). There were some polymorphisms that were related to the prognosis in specific subgroups of lung cancer. Rs873601 showed a great influence on the prognosis of patients more than 55 years, Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), and smoking patients. Rs2444933 was associated with prognosis in age less than 55 years, SCLC, metastasis, and stage III/IV/ED patients. Rs3740051 played an important role in the prognosis of SCLC and metastasis patients. Rs1869641 was involved in the prognosis of SCLC patients. Rs1051685 was related to the prognosis in non-metastasis patients. Conclusion: The ERCC5 rs873601 (G>A) was a valuable biomarker for predicting the prognosis in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

1. Introduction

Lung cancer is one of the leading cancers and the highest lethal malignancies in the world [1]. It consists of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for almost 80% of lung cancer cases, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell cancer, and large cell lung cancer [2]. The treatment strategy for lung cancer consists of surgery, radiation oncology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy [3]. Despite the progress of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the past years, platinum-based chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is still the first-line treatment for lung cancer patients [4]. The 5-year survival is a crucial indicator of the treatment efficacy [5]. The occurrence of drug resistance and treatment toxicity creates substantial barriers to disease control, such as gastrointestinal toxicity and hematological toxicity, which result in poor 5-year survival [6]. Remarkably, the chemotherapy outcomes differ from individual, which means the genetic polymorphisms may play an important role in the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment [7]. Until now, plentiful genetic polymorphisms are associated with the outcomes of chemotherapy, such as Eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 3 subunit A (eIF3A), Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway protein 1 (WISP1), and so on [8,9,10]. The specific mechanisms are still being discovered on the way.
As we all know, DNA damage and repair pathways are of great importance in health and disease [11]. DNA damage can be classified into two main categories based on its origin: endogenous and exogenous [12]. DNA damage and repair pathways can prevent DNA damage from causing mutations and cytotoxicity, but the unbalanced repair of DNA damage always leads to the development of tumors [13,14]. It has been reported that the genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair pathways can significantly affect the response to cisplatin treatment in lung cancer patients [15,16]. The DNA damage and repair pathway consists of mismatch repair (MMR), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and double-strand break (DSB) repair systems [17].
The Excision Repair Cross-Complementation 5 (ERCC5), also called Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group (XPG), is a gene performing its function in nucleotide excision repair (NER), and it can also protect replication forks by promoting homologous recombination [18]. ERCC5 contains 17 exons and spans 32 kb with a location of chromosome 13q33.1 [19]. It plays an essential role in the occurrences and clinical outcomes of lung cancer. The ERCC5 rs4771436 and rs1047768 genotypes are associated with the risk of lung cancer [20]. The ERCC5 His46His genomic polymorphisms can significantly affect the response to chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients [21].
The Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A (XPA) is another key member of NER, and it can catch the damage site of the DNA substrate by binding the NER core repair factors [22]. It is also reported to be connected with the development and efficacy of lung cancer. XPA rs1800975 polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with susceptibility in lung cancer patients [23]. The genomic variabilities of XPA rs2808668 are also considered to jointly contribute to lung cancer risk [24]. The mutation of XPA rs3176658 is significantly associated with progress-free survival in NSCLC patients [25].
The other genes of NER are also reported to play vital roles in lung cancer occurrences and clinical outcomes. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC3 rs861539 are related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients [26]. The variables of XRCC5 (rs1051685, rs6941) were associated with hematologic toxicity in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, which means it can predict platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients [27]. The expression of ERCC1 may be a useful prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma, the lower expression had a longer overall survival [28]. Patients with the C/C genotype in rs3212986 of the ERCC1 gene had longer median progress-free survival in NSCLC patients [29].
In this study, we selected 17 SNPs from ERCC5, PNKY, ERCC1, SIRT1, XPA, XRCC3, and XRCC5, such as rs873601, rs2444933, rs3740051, rs1869641, rs1051685, and so on. The rs873601 has been reported to be associated with cancer susceptibility [30]. The rs3740051 plays an important role in the development of pituitary adenoma [31]. The transporter gene polymorphisms of rs1869641 have been reported to show a significant relation to chemotherapy response [32]. The rs1051685 was reported to be associated with the response and survival in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients [33]. Based on the previous study, we aim to find new biomarkers to predict the efficacy in lung cancer patients, which can make forward to more intensive guidance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

2. Material and Methods

2.1. Research Objects and Treatment Procedures

All the subjects enrolled were selected with the following conditions: (1) patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer for the first time at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University or Hunan Province of Cancer Hospital (Changsha, Hunan, China) between August 2009 and January 2013; (2) patients did not receive surgery treatment before platinum-based chemotherapy. (3) all patients should receive at least 2 periods of platinum-based chemotherapy. The clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects are listed in Table 1. All patients should sign the informed consent before they participate in this study. The investigation protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, with the registration number CTXY-110008-1.

2.2. Data Collection

The deadline for patients recruited was 15 July 2019. Their survival data were collected via telephone follow-up or residence registration. The endpoint criteria were progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The progress-free survival (PFS) was according to the diagnosis date of lung cancer and the date of the first local recurrence or metastases in the last follow-up. The overall survival (OS) time was calculated from the time between diagnosis of lung cancer and the date of the last follow-up or death. Patients without progression were defined as censors when analyzed. As researchers, the polymorphisms of the patients were unknown before the sequencing analysis.

2.3. SNP Selecting, DNA Extraction and Genotyping

There were 17 common SNPs of DNA damage and repair genes selected in our study (Table 2). The candidate SNPs were located from 5 kb upstream of the first exon to the downstream of the last exon, respectively. We used Haploview version 4.2 to choose the Haplotype tagging SNPs. They were chosen based on our previous research about lung cancer prognosis [9,34], and these genes were also associated with the outcome of multiple cancers [35,36]. And all the selected SNPs must satisfy the condition that the minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05 in the HapMap CHB population. The DNA we used for genotyping was separated from a 5ml external blood sample using FlexiGene DNA Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). All the samples were stored at 4 °C before use. Genotyping was conducted by Sequenom’s MassARRAY system (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA).

2.4. Statistical Analysis

We used Cox proportional hazard models to analyze the differences in the variables, such as histology, age, clinical stage, smoking status, gender, and metastasis between the PFS and OS. We used the forward stepwise method of Cox proportional hazard models to find the covariates. Variables that were significantly associated with OS or PFS were considered as the covariates in the specific subgroup. And then, we fit the covariates into a multivariate logistic regression model to adjust the covariates via the command of -cover in PLINK. The p-value was 2-sided, and p < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. All association analyses were conducted using three models, including additive, dominant, and recessive. The additive model is for the additive effects of SNPs. It means if D is a minor allele and d is the major allele, the additive model means DD vs. Dd vs. dd. Dominant and recessive models are tests for the minor allele with two of the classes pooled. The dominant model means (DD, Dd) vs. dd, and the recessive model means DD vs. (Dd, dd). The aforementioned statistical analyses were performed using PLINK (ver 1.07, https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/plink/, accessed on 10 October 2009) and SPSS 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

3. Results

3.1. Distribution of Characteristics in Lung Cancer Patients and Prognosis Analysis

The demographic characteristics and prognosis consequences for the 345 lung cancer patients are provided in Table 3. The majority of these patients were NSCLC (67.5%), compared with SCLC (28.7%). The median age was 56 years old. Most of them were diagnosed at an advanced stage, III/IV/ED (86.4%), in contrast to I/II/LD (11.9%). More than half of the patients were smokers (64.6%), with a non-smoking proportion of 35.4%. Most patients were male (82.6%) versus female (17.4%). The patients with metastasis were 43.2%, and those without metastasis were 17.7%. The median survival time of overall survival (MST-OS) is 4.42 years, and the median survival time of progression-free survival (MST-PFS) is 3.16 years. The other statistics of the clinical outcomes in the above subgroups were also summarized inTable 3.

3.2. Association between Polymorphisms and Prognosis in the Lung Cancer Patients

As we analyzed, the genomic polymorphisms ERCC5 rs873601 (G>A) were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of lung cancer patients in the recessive model (p = 0.031). This means that patients who carry the ERCC5 rs873601 GG genotype had a shorter MST-OS than the patients who have the ERCC5 rs873601 GA or AA genotypes (MST-OS: 3.28, 4.88, 4.02 years, respectively) (Table 4). The “BETA” in Table 4 and Table 5 means the estimated value in the logistic regression. In conclusion, patients who carry the allele A of ERCC5 rs873601 are the protective allele in the prognosis of lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (Figure 1).

3.3. Stratification Analyses of Association between Polymorphisms and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients

To further elucidate the association between these SNPs and the prognosis in lung cancer patients, we also performed subgroup analysis based on age, gender, smoking status, histology, clinical stage, and metastasis. As shown in Table 5, the ERCC5 rs873601 was related to overall survival in additive and recessive model in age > 56 years lung cancer patients (Additive model: p = 0.032; Recessive model: p = 0.004) and smoker patients in additive and recessive model (Additive model: p = 0.048; Recessive model: p = 0.018). The PNKY rs2444933 was significantly associated with overall survival in age ≤ 56 (Additive model: p = 0.043; Recessive model: p = 0.036), metastasis (Additive model: p = 0.019; Recessive model: p = 0.035), non-smoking (Recessive model: p = 0.042) and III/IV/ED (Additive model: p = 0.040) patients. Furthermore, the STIR1 rs3740051 polymorphisms in SCLC (Additive model: p = 0.018; Dominant model: p = 0.023) and metastasis (Additive model: p = 0.048) patients were significantly associated with overall survival (Figure 2).
We also analyzed the association between the genomic polymorphisms with progress-free survival (PFS) in subgroups. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601 (Additive model: p = 0.031; Dominant model: p = 0.027), PNKY rs2444933 (Recessive model: p = 0.007), and PNKY rs1869641 (Recessive model: p = 0.028) were significantly associated with the PFS in SCLC patients. The XRCC5 rs1051685 were significantly associated with the PFS in non-metastasis patients in additive and dominant models (Additive model: p = 0.037; Dominant model: p = 0.037) (Figure 3).
As we showed in Figure 4, the main finding of our study was that the polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601 play an important role in the prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The mechanism of which is also valuable will be discussed. The rs873601 is a 3_prime_UTR_variant in ERCC5, and it may affect the translation of mRNA of ERCC5, the RNA-binding protein (RBP), and the protein-to-protein interaction. As we all know, the function of 3′UTR to regulate the mRNA stability or translation [37] and interactions between the mRNA and possible binding proteins have been widely reported [38]. It has also been reported that 3’UTR can regulate protein characteristics by mediating 3’UTR-dependent protein–protein interactions (PPI) [39]. 3’UTR can regulate the formation of protein complexes and determine the function of proteins, indicating that the genetic information encoded by the 3’ UTR can be transmitted to proteins [40]. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3’-terminal untranslated region (3’-UTR) targeted by microRNAs (miRNAs) can alter the gene function, which can impact the function of nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway [41]. In other words, rs873601 is a 3’UTR variant in ERCC5, and it may alter the gene function of ERCC5. It can regulate the NER pathway of DNA damage and repair, which has been reported to be significantly associated with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance. ERCC5 rs873601 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of lung cancer patients, which is valuable and will be further investigated.

4. Discussion

As a crucial member of the DNA damage and repair system, there are plenty of reports about ERCC5 and lung cancer. The ERCC5 rs17655GG was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, and it may be associated with lung cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population [42]. In the other investigation, ERCC5 rs4771436 and rs1047768 genotypes were reported to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer patients [20]. ERCC5 rs751402 polymorphisms were significantly related to the risk in NSCLC patients in North Indians [43]. In other populations of the coal-mining region, the genomic variants of ERCC5 rs17655 were associated with lung cancer risk significantly [44]. There were also investigations about ERCC5 and lung cancer prognosis, ERCC5 (rs2094258 and rs2296147) was reported to be related to progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy [45]. It has been also found that the ERCC5 rs751402 genotype was associated with the treatment response in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy [46]. The SNPs of ERCC5 in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway genes were correlated with toxicity treated with double chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients [47]. These all mean that the polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are significantly related to the risk of lung cancer and play an important role in the occurrence of lung cancer. The novelty of our results is that we noticed the importance of polymorphisms in 3′UTR in ERCC5 rather than the exon mutations in other studies. We found that the ERCC5 rs873601 plays a critical role in the resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients, which can perfect the investigation of ERCC5 gene mutations in lung cancer. And it may provide new insights into the treatment of lung cancer patients.
As we all know, Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) are two crucial biomarkers in the prognosis of lung cancer [48,49]. These biomarkers are often used for the screening, detection, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and monitoring of cancer development [50]. It has been reported that the adverse drug reaction (ADR) in HER2 (+) patients with Grade 3 or 4 was significantly higher than that in the control group in NSCLC patients [51]. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are an important treatment regimen for lung cancer patients. However, up to 50% of patients treated with first- and second-generation TKIs develop an EGFR exon 20 T790M mutation at the time of progression, which may lead to a treatment failure in these patients [52]. Finding new biomarkers for lung cancer patients is of great importance. ERCC5 as an important component in the repair pathway of platinum-induced damage, plays an important role in the prognosis of lung cancer patients [53]. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 have been reported to be associated with the risk of NSCLC [54]. ERCC5 may become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer patients, as important as HER2 and EGFR.
We also found that PNKY rs2444933 and rs1869641 were associated with the prognosis in lung cancer patients through the stratified analysis. Most reports of PNKY were about its function in the brain, there are several investigations into its role in cancer. It has been found that PNKY can inhibit the binding of miR124 to Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein 1 (PTBP1) and maintain the homeostasis of choroidal vascular function [55]. PNKY may control the resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy via the regulation of choroidal vascular function. STIR1 rs3740051 and XRCC5 rs1051685 polymorphisms were associated with the prognosis significantly in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. STIR1 was reported to be related to immune evasion, which may be essential to maintain their stability [56]. STIR1 may play an important role in lung cancer survival via its regulation of immune evasion. XRCC5 was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, it may be a risk factor, and it can also predict a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients [57]. The other investigation also found that XRCC5 was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients [58]. It was also reported that the transcriptional overexpression of XRCC5 showed a significant correlation with a shorter patient outcome in advanced lung cancer patients [59].
Our study investigated the association between the polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, PNKY and STIR1, with the prognosis in Chinese lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. We also stratified these polymorphisms in age, gender, smoking, histology, clinical stage, and metastasis. However, there were several limitations in our study. First, the sample size of our study was not large enough, as we only enrolled 345 patients in our project. As we performed multiple testing corrections, there were no significant SNPs remaining. Second, the biological function mechanisms of these SNPs need further study in vitro. Finally, the validation of our results needs replication studies with other independent subjects.
In conclusion, the variants of ERCC5 rs873601 were significantly associated with the prognosis in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients carrying the ERCC5 rs873601 A allele may have a longer overall survival (OS) than the G allele. The genotypes of ERCC5 rs873601 may be an attractive biomarker used to predict the prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Author Contributions

Methodology, T.Z.; Software, J.-Y.L.; Investigation, Q.Q.; Writing—original draft, T.Z.; Writing—review & editing, J.C. and Z.-Q.L.; Visualization, J.G. and W.-Z.Z.; Supervision, X.-P.L. and H.-H.Z.; Funding acquisition, Z.-Q.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173901), Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Open competition, 2021 JC0002), Major Science and Technology Program of Changsha (kh2003010), and Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation (kq2208408).

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, with the registration number CTXY-110008-1.

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement

The original data is unavailable due to privacy or ethical restrictions, if you are interest in the original data, you can contact me directly.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The funding organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this research.

References

  1. Siegel, R.L.; Miller, K.D.; Fuchs, H.E.; Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2022, 72, 7–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Roy-Chowdhuri, S. Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer. Surg. Pathol. Clin. 2021, 14, 369–377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Vrana, D. Advances in the therapy of small cell lung cancer. Klin. Onkol. 2021, 34, 66–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Miller, M.; Hanna, N. Advances in systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. BMJ 2021, 375, n2363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Schulz, C. Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 2021, 146, 1283–1286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Park, S.; Lee, H.; Lee, B.; Lee, S.H.; Sun, J.M.; Park, W.Y.; Ahn, J.S.; Ahn, M.J.; Park, K. DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathway Alteration and Its Association with Tumor Mutation Burden and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in SCLC. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2019, 14, 1640–1650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. Ge, F.; Huo, Z.; Li, C.; Wang, R.; Wang, R.; Liu, Y.; Chen, J.; Lu, Y.; Wen, Y.; Jiang, Y.; et al. Lung cancer risk in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 2021, 51, 102927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. Zou, T.; Yin, J.; Zheng, W.; Xiao, L.; Tan, L.; Chen, J.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Qian, C.; Cui, J.; et al. Rho GTPases: RAC1 polymorphisms affected platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2016, 78, 249–258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  9. Yin, J.Y.; Zhang, J.T.; Zhang, W.; Zhou, H.H.; Liu, Z.Q. eIF3a: A new anticancer drug target in the eIF family. Cancer Lett. 2018, 412, 81–87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. He, J.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zou, T.; Li, X.P.; Cao, L.; Chen, J. The Effects of WISP1 Polymorphisms on the Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Pharmacogenom. Pers. Med. 2021, 14, 1193–1203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Schumacher, B.; Pothof, J.; Vijg, J.; Hoeijmakers, J.H.J. The central role of DNA damage in the ageing process. Nature 2021, 592, 695–703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  12. Ashour, M.E.; Mosammaparast, N. Mechanisms of damage tolerance and repair during DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, 49, 3033–3047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  13. Kay, J.; Thadhani, E.; Samson, L.; Engelward, B. Inflammation-induced DNA damage, mutations and cancer. DNA Repair 2019, 83, 102673. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  14. Paull, T.T. DNA damage and regulation of protein homeostasis. DNA Repair 2021, 105, 103155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  15. Dai, C.H.; Li, J.; Chen, P.; Jiang, H.G.; Wu, M.; Chen, Y.C. RNA interferences targeting the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway upstream genes reverse cisplatin resistance in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. J. Biomed. Sci. 2015, 22, 77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  16. Pilger, D.; Seymour, L.W.; Jackson, S.P. Interfaces between cellular responses to DNA damage and cancer immunotherapy. Genes Dev. 2021, 35, 602–618. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  17. Gorbunova, V.; Seluanov, A.; Mao, Z.; Hine, C. Changes in DNA repair during aging. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007, 35, 7466–7474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  18. Muniesa-Vargas, A.; Theil, A.F.; Ribeiro-Silva, C.; Vermeulen, W.; Lans, H. XPG: A multitasking genome caretaker. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2022, 79, 166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  19. Kiyohara, C.; Yoshimasu, K. Genetic polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2007, 4, 59–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Lan, X.; Li, Y.; Wu, Y.; Li, X.; Xu, L. The Association of ERCC1 and ERCC5 Polymorphisms with Lung Cancer Risk in Han Chinese. J. Cancer 2022, 13, 517–526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  21. Liu, D.; Wu, J.; Shi, G.Y.; Zhou, H.F.; Yu, Y. Role of XRCC1 and ERCC5 polymorphisms on clinical outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Genet. Mol. Res. 2014, 13, 3100–3107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  22. Pradhan, S.; Sarma, H.; Mattaparthi, V.S.K. Investigation of the probable homo-dimer model of the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) protein to represent the DNA-binding core. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2019, 37, 3322–3336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  23. Yuan, M.; Yu, C.; Yu, K. Association of human XPA rs1800975 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: An integrative analysis of 71 case-control studies. Cancer Cell Int. 2020, 20, 164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  24. Mei, C.; Hou, M.; Guo, S.; Hua, F.; Zheng, D.; Xu, F.; Jiang, Y.; Li, L.; Qiao, Y.; Fan, Y.; et al. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes of XRCC1, XPA, XPC, XPD and associations with lung cancer risk in Chinese people. Thorac. Cancer 2014, 5, 232–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  25. Song, X.; Wang, S.; Hong, X.; Li, X.; Zhao, X.; Huai, C.; Chen, H.; Gao, Z.; Qian, J.; Wang, J.; et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of nucleotide excision repair pathway are significantly associated with outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 11785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  26. Su, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xu, F.; Kong, J.; Yu, H.; Qian, B. DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2015, 36, 1419–1429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  27. Chen, J.; Wu, L.; Wang, Y.; Yin, J.; Li, X.; Wang, Z.; Li, H.; Zou, T.; Qian, C.; Li, C.; et al. Effect of transporter and DNA repair gene polymorphisms to lung cancer chemotherapy toxicity. Tumor Biol. 2016, 37, 2275–2284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  28. Piljic Burazer, M.; Mladinov, S.; Matana, A.; Kuret, S.; Bezic, J.; Glavina Durdov, M. Low ERCC1 expression is a good predictive marker in lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving chemotherapy based on platinum in all TNM stages—A single-center study. Diagn. Pathol. 2019, 14, 105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  29. Grenda, A.; Blach, J.; Szczyrek, M.; Krawczyk, P.; Nicos, M.; Kuznar Kaminska, B.; Jakimiec, M.; Balicka, G.; Chmielewska, I.; Batura-Gabryel, H.; et al. Promoter polymorphisms of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes as predictive factors for chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Med. 2020, 9, 605–614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. Huang, J.; Liu, X.; Tang, L.L.; Long, J.T.; Zhu, J.; Hua, R.X.; Li, J. XPG gene polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: Evidence from 47 studies. Oncotarget 2017, 8, 37263–37277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Liutkeviciene, R.; Vilkeviciute, A.; Morkunaite, G.; Glebauskiene, B.; Kriauciuniene, L. SIRT1 (rs3740051) role in pituitary adenoma development. BMC Med. Genet. 2019, 20, 185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  32. Wang, Y.; Yin, J.Y.; Li, X.P.; Chen, J.; Qian, C.Y.; Zheng, Y.; Fu, Y.L.; Chen, Z.Y.; Zhou, H.H.; Liu, Z.Q. The association of transporter genes polymorphisms and lung cancer chemotherapy response. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e91967. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Cibeira, M.T.; de Larrea, C.F.; Navarro, A.; Diaz, T.; Fuster, D.; Tovar, N.; Rosinol, L.; Monzo, M.; Blade, J. Impact on response and survival of DNA repair single nucleotide polymorphisms in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with thalidomide. Leuk. Res. 2011, 35, 1178–1183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  34. Zou, T.; Liu, J.Y.; She, L.; Yin, J.Y.; Li, X.; Li, X.P.; Zhou, H.H.; Chen, J.; Liu, Z.Q. The Association Between Heat-Shock Protein Polymorphisms and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Front. Pharmacol. 2020, 11, 1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  35. Qin, X.P.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, Y.; Li, N.N.; Wu, X.T. XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. 2014, 38, 226–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  36. Du, P.; Li, G.; Wu, L.; Huang, M. Perspectives of ERCC1 in early-stage and advanced cervical cancer: From experiments to clinical applications. Front. Immunol. 2022, 13, 1065379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  37. Rasekhian, M.; Roohvand, F.; Habtemariam, S.; Marzbany, M.; Kazemimanesh, M. The Role of 3’UTR of RNA Viruses on mRNA Stability and Translation Enhancement. Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 2021, 21, 2389–2398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  38. Xu, E.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, M.; Jiang, Y.; Cho, S.J.; Chen, X. RNA-binding protein RBM24 regulates p63 expression via mRNA stability. Mol. Cancer Res. 2014, 12, 359–369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  39. Mayr, C. What Are 3′ UTRs Doing? Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2019, 11, a034728. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  40. Berkovits, B.D.; Mayr, C. Alternative 3′ UTRs act as scaffolds to regulate membrane protein localization. Nature 2015, 522, 363–367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  41. Gu, S.; Rong, H.; Zhang, G.; Kang, L.; Yang, M.; Guan, H. Functional SNP in 3′-UTR MicroRNA-Binding Site of ZNF350 Confers Risk for Age-Related Cataract. Hum. Mutat. 2016, 37, 1223–1230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  42. Li, X.; Zhang, J.; Su, C.; Zhao, X.; Tang, L.; Zhou, C. The association between polymorphisms in the DNA nucleotide excision repair genes and RRM1 gene and lung cancer risk. Thorac. Cancer 2012, 3, 239–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  43. Bhat, G.R.; Sethi, I.; Bhat, A.; Verma, S.; Bakshi, D.; Sharma, B.; Nazir, M.; Dar, K.A.; Abrol, D.; Shah, R.; et al. Genetic evaluation of the variants using MassARRAY in non-small cell lung cancer among North Indians. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 11291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  44. Minina, V.I.; Bakanova, M.L.; Soboleva, O.A.; Ryzhkova, A.V.; Titov, R.A.; Savchenko, Y.A.; Sinitsky, M.Y.; Voronina, E.N.; Titov, V.A.; Glushkov, A.N. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes in lung cancer patients living in a coal-mining region. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2019, 28, 522–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  45. Perez-Ramirez, C.; Canadas-Garre, M.; Molina, M.A.; Robles, A.I.; Faus-Dader, M.J.; Calleja-Hernandez, M.A. Contribution of genetic factors to platinum-based chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 2017, 771, 32–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  46. He, C.; Duan, Z.; Li, P.; Xu, Q.; Yuan, Y. Role of ERCC5 promoter polymorphisms in response to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2013, 24, 300–305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  47. Zhang, L.; Gao, G.; Li, X.; Ren, S.; Li, A.; Xu, J.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, C. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and toxicity of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e48350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  48. Landi, L.; Cappuzzo, F. HER2 and lung cancer. Expert Rev. Anticancer. Ther. 2013, 13, 1219–1228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. Leonetti, A.; Sharma, S.; Minari, R.; Perego, P.; Giovannetti, E.; Tiseo, M. Resistance mechanisms to osimertinib in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Br. J. Cancer 2019, 121, 725–737. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  50. Sharma, B.; Kanwar, S.S. Phosphatidylserine: A cancer cell targeting biomarker. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2018, 52, 17–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  51. Diao, W.Y.; Ding, C.L.; Yuan, B.Y.; Li, Z.; Sun, N.; Huang, J.B. Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of HER2 Gene Phenotype in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int. J. Gen. Med. 2021, 14, 9153–9161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  52. Baraibar, I.; Mezquita, L.; Gil-Bazo, I.; Planchard, D. Novel drugs targeting EGFR and HER2 exon 20 mutations in metastatic NSCLC. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 2020, 148, 102906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  53. Abdalkhalek, E.S.; Wakeel, L.M.E.; Nagy, A.A.; Sabri, N.A. Variants of ERCC5 and the outcome of platinum-based regimens in non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective cohort study. Med. Oncol. 2022, 39, 152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  54. Zienolddiny, S.; Campa, D.; Lind, H.; Ryberg, D.; Skaug, V.; Stangeland, L.; Phillips, D.H.; Canzian, F.; Haugen, A. Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2006, 27, 560–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  55. Shi, L.; Han, X.; Liu, C.; Li, X.; Lu, S.; Jiang, Q.; Yao, J. Long Non-Coding RNA PNKY Modulates the Development of Choroidal Neovascularization. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2022, 10, 836031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  56. Liu, T.; Yang, Q.; Wei, W.; Wang, K.; Wang, E. Toll/IL-1 receptor-containing proteins STIR-1, STIR-2 and STIR-3 synergistically assist Yersinia ruckeri SC09 immune escape. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020, 103, 357–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  57. Fan, Y.; Gao, Z.; Li, X.; Wei, S.; Yuan, K. Gene expression and prognosis of x-ray repair cross-complementing family members in non-small cell lung cancer. Bioengineered 2021, 12, 6210–6228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  58. Zhang, Q.X.; Yang, Y.; Yang, H.; Guo, Q.; Guo, J.L.; Liu, H.S.; Zhang, J.; Li, D. The roles of risk model based on the 3-XRCC genes in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Transl. Cancer Res. 2021, 10, 4413–4431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  59. Saviozzi, S.; Ceppi, P.; Novello, S.; Ghio, P.; Lo Iacono, M.; Borasio, P.; Cambieri, A.; Volante, M.; Papotti, M.; Calogero, R.A.; et al. Non-small cell lung cancer exhibits transcript overexpression of genes associated with homologous recombination and DNA replication pathways. Cancer Res. 2009, 69, 3390–3396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Biomedicines 11 03133 g001
Figure 1. The ERCC5 rs873601 polymorphisms are significantly associated with the prognosis in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, and the A variant allele of ERCC5 rs873601 are protective allele. Patients who carry the AA or GA genotypes have a longer MST-OS than GG (p = 0.031 *). The dashed line, the overall survival rate is 0.5 or 50%.
Figure 1. The ERCC5 rs873601 polymorphisms are significantly associated with the prognosis in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, and the A variant allele of ERCC5 rs873601 are protective allele. Patients who carry the AA or GA genotypes have a longer MST-OS than GG (p = 0.031 *). The dashed line, the overall survival rate is 0.5 or 50%.
Biomedicines 11 03133 g001
Biomedicines 11 03133 g002
Figure 2. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601, PNKY rs2444933, and STIR1 rs1051685 were related to the overall survival (OS) significantly. (A) The ERCC5 rs873601 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) in age > 56 and smoking patients. (B) The variants of PNKY rs2444933 were related to the prognosis significantly in age ≤ 56, metastasis, non-smoker, and clinical in III/IV/ED patients. (C) The polymorphisms of STIR1 rs3740051 were significantly associated with the overall survival in SCLC and metastasis patients. Dashed line, merged BETA value. *, p < 0.05.
Figure 2. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601, PNKY rs2444933, and STIR1 rs1051685 were related to the overall survival (OS) significantly. (A) The ERCC5 rs873601 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) in age > 56 and smoking patients. (B) The variants of PNKY rs2444933 were related to the prognosis significantly in age ≤ 56, metastasis, non-smoker, and clinical in III/IV/ED patients. (C) The polymorphisms of STIR1 rs3740051 were significantly associated with the overall survival in SCLC and metastasis patients. Dashed line, merged BETA value. *, p < 0.05.
Biomedicines 11 03133 g002
Biomedicines 11 03133 g003
Figure 3. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601, PNKY rs2444933, rs1849641, and XRCC5 rs1051685 were significant with the progress-free survival (PFS) significantly. (A–C) The ERCC5 rs873601, PNKY rs2444933, and rs1869641 polymorphisms were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in SCLC patients. (D) The variants of XRCC5 rs1051685 were related to the prognosis significantly in non-metastasis patients. Dashed line, merged BETA value. *, p < 0.05.
Figure 3. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601, PNKY rs2444933, rs1849641, and XRCC5 rs1051685 were significant with the progress-free survival (PFS) significantly. (A–C) The ERCC5 rs873601, PNKY rs2444933, and rs1869641 polymorphisms were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in SCLC patients. (D) The variants of XRCC5 rs1051685 were related to the prognosis significantly in non-metastasis patients. Dashed line, merged BETA value. *, p < 0.05.
Biomedicines 11 03133 g003
Biomedicines 11 03133 g004
Figure 4. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601 can affect the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Rs873601 is a mutation located in the 3′UTR of ERCC5, it can affect the mRNA of ERCC5 to translation protein. It can also regulate the RNA-binding protein and the protein-to-protein interaction of ERCC5. These may have an influence on the DNA damage and repair in the NER pathway, which is a vital regulator in the prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Figure 4. The polymorphisms of ERCC5 rs873601 can affect the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Rs873601 is a mutation located in the 3′UTR of ERCC5, it can affect the mRNA of ERCC5 to translation protein. It can also regulate the RNA-binding protein and the protein-to-protein interaction of ERCC5. These may have an influence on the DNA damage and repair in the NER pathway, which is a vital regulator in the prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Biomedicines 11 03133 g004
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients.
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients.
Patient CharacteristicsN (%)
Total no. of patients345
Histology
Adenocarcinoma112 (32.5)
Squamous cell111 (32.2)
Small cell99 (28.7)
Age
≤56172 (49.9)
>56173 (50.1)
Clinical stage
I/II/LD41 (11.9)
III/IV/ED298 (86.4)
Smoking status
Non-smoker122 (35.4)
Smoker223 (64.6)
Gender
Male285 (82.6)
Female60 (17.4)
Metastasis
No61 (17.7)
Yes149 (34.2)
Chemotherapy regimens
Platinum/gemcitabine109 (31.6)
Platinum/paclitaxel59 (17.1)
Platinum/navelbine8 (2.3)
Platinum/etoposide77 (22.3)
Platinum/irinotecan8 (2.3)
Table 2. The 17 polymorphisms examined in this study.
Table 2. The 17 polymorphisms examined in this study.
GeneLocusdbSNPCall Rate (%)PolymorphismMAFGenotypeN (%)
ERCC119q13.32 rs1298419597.97T>C3.70TT325 (94.2)
TC13 (3.8)
CC0
rs117128015100.00C>T8.00CC315 (91.3)
CT30 (8.7)
TT0
ERCC513q33.1rs87360199.13G>A49.11GG84 (24.4)
GA165 (47.8)
AA93 (27.0)
PNKY6q16.1rs186964198.84G>A22.22GG247 (71.6)
GA82 (23.8)
AA12 (3.5)
rs188330693.91T>G38.53TT146 (42.3)
TG138 (40.0)
GG40 (11.6)
rs244493399.13A>G31.62AA194 (56.2)
AG126 (36.5)
GG22 (6.4)
SIRT110q21.3rs375839197.39T>C24.46TT248 (71.9)
TC74 (21.5)
CC14 (4.1)
rs374005196.52A>G33.41AA182 (52.8)
AG119 (34.5)
GG32 (9.3)
rs474672099.13T>C46.67TT118 (34.2)
TC138 (40.0)
CC86 (24.9)
rs1277836695.65T>C22.09TT239 (69.3)
TC82 (23.8)
CC9 (2.6)
XPA9q22.33rs317675198.84G>C20.61GG2 (0.6)
GC86 (24.9)
CC253 (73.3)
rs317675298.84C>A21.44CC249 (72.2)
CA88 (25.5)
AA4 (1.2)
XRCC314q32.33rs321211798.84C>A5.28CC322 (93.3)
CA19 (5.5)
AA0
rs321212198.55A>G4.24AA325 (94.2)
AG14 (4.1)
GG1 (0.3)
XRCC52q35rs105167798.84T>C22.43TT245 (71.0)
TC87 (25.2)
CC9 (2.6)
rs244098.55C>T34.03CC24 (7.0)
CT139 (40.3)
TT177 (51.3)
rs105168599.13A>G12.14AA295 (85.5)
AG45 (13.0)
GG2 (0.6)
Table 3. Distribution of characteristics in lung cancer patients and prognosis analysis.
Table 3. Distribution of characteristics in lung cancer patients and prognosis analysis.
VariablesPatients N (%)Death N (%)MST-OS (Year)MST-PFS (Year)
Lung cancer3452794.423.16
NSCLC233 (67.5)188 (67.4)4.563.25
SCLC99 (28.7)80 (28.7)4.173.10
Age
≤56172 (49.9)142 (50.9)4.482.95
>56173 (50.1)137 (49.1)4.363.80
Clinical stage
I/II/LD41 (11.9)31 (11.1)3.144.05
III/IV/ED298 (86.4)243 (87.1)4.553.21
Smoking status
Non-smoker122 (35.4)97 (34.8)4.774.60
Smoker223 (64.6)182 (65.2)4.262.61
Gender
male285 (82.6)229 (82.1)4.392.93
female60 (17.4)50 (17.9)4.574.47
Metastasis
No61 (17.7)51 (18.3)3.842.28
Yes149 (43.2)121 (43.4)4.533.94
MST, median survival time; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; NSCLC, Non-Small Lung Cancer; SCLC, Small Cell Lung Cancer; LD, limitation period; ED, extensive period.
Table 4. Association of the ERCC5 rs873601 polymorphisms and OS in lung cancer patients.
Table 4. Association of the ERCC5 rs873601 polymorphisms and OS in lung cancer patients.
GenePolymorphismsGenotypeMST (Year)Additive Dominant Recessive
BETA (95%CI)p ValueBETA (95%CI)p ValueBETA (95%CI)p Value
ERCC5rs873601G G3.28−0.37 (−0.75, 0.01)0.061−0.30 (−0.91, 0.32)0.348−0.70 (−1.34, −0.07)0.031 *
G A4.88
A A4.02
*, p < 0.05.
Table 5. Stratification analyses of association between polymorphisms and OS or PFS in lung cancer patients.
Table 5. Stratification analyses of association between polymorphisms and OS or PFS in lung cancer patients.
OS/PFSGenePolymorphismsSubgroupAdditiveDominantRecessive
BETA (95%CI)p ValueBETA (95%CI)p ValueBETA (95%CI)p Value
OSERCC5rs873601age > 56−0.57 (−1.08, −0.05)0.032 *−0.35 (−1.15, 0.46)0.399−1.32 (−2.22, −0.43)0.004 *
smokers−0.46 (−0.91, −0.01)0.048 *−0.35 (−1.08, 0.38)0.347−0.93 (−1.69, −0.17)0.018 *
PNKYrs2444933age ≤ 56−0.63 (−1.24, −0.02)0.043 * −0.59 (−1.37, 0.19)0.140−1.62 (−3.11, −0.12)0.036 *
metastasis−0.84 (−1.53, −0.15)0.019 *−0.81 (−1.66, 0.04)0.063−1.94 (−3.72, −0.15)0.035 *
non-smoker−0.51 (−1.25, 0.24)0.188−0.31 (−1.21, 0.59)0.501−2.07 (−4.05, −0.10)0.042 *
III/IV/ED−0.49 (−0.95, −0.03)0.040 *−0.48 (−1.05, 0.09)0.097−1.10 (−2.30, 0.09)0.072
STIR1rs3740051SCLC−0.97 (−1.75, −0.18)0.018 *−1.27 (−2.34, −0.20)0.023 *−1.39 (−3.18, 0.40)0.133
metastasis−0.62 (−1.23, −0.01)0.048 *−0.71 (−1.55, 0.14)0.104−1.15 (−2.46, 0.16)0.089
PFSERCC5rs873601SCLC−0.88 (−1.67, −0.09)0.031 *−1.38 (−2.58, −0.18)0.027 *−0.87 (−2.28, 0.54)0.230
PNKYrs2444933SCLC−0.80 (−1.66, 0.05)0.070−0.49 (−1.60, 0.63)0.394−2.80 (−4.77, −0.83)0.007 *
rs1869641SCLC−0.76 (−1.75, 0.22)0.133−0.54 (−1.83, 0.74)0.408−2.83 (−5.32, −0.34)0.028 *
XRCC5rs1051685Non-metastasis−2.08 (−3.99, −0.17)0.037 *−2.08 (−3.99, −0.17)0.037 *
*, p < 0.05.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zou, T.; Liu, J.-Y.; Qin, Q.; Guo, J.; Zhou, W.-Z.; Li, X.-P.; Zhou, H.-H.; Chen, J.; Liu, Z.-Q. Role of rs873601 Polymorphisms in Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123133

AMA Style

Zou T, Liu J-Y, Qin Q, Guo J, Zhou W-Z, Li X-P, Zhou H-H, Chen J, Liu Z-Q. Role of rs873601 Polymorphisms in Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(12):3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123133

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zou, Ting, Jun-Yan Liu, Qun Qin, Jie Guo, Wen-Zhi Zhou, Xiang-Ping Li, Hong-Hao Zhou, Juan Chen, and Zhao-Qian Liu. 2023. "Role of rs873601 Polymorphisms in Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy" Biomedicines 11, no. 12: 3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123133

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop