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Review

Liposomes against Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Research and Future Prospects

by
Christiana Constantinou
1,
Katerina Meliou
1,
Athanasios Skouras
2,
Panoraia Siafaka
1 and
Panayiota Christodoulou
3,*
1
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Pharmacy Program, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
2
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
3
School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071519
Submission received: 21 May 2024 / Revised: 1 July 2024 / Accepted: 5 July 2024 / Published: 8 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alzheimer's Disease—115 Years after Its Discovery 2.0)

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease, affects more than 60 million people worldwide, a number that is estimated to double by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, the impairment of behavior, and mood changes, as well as the disturbed daily routine of the patient. Although there are some active molecules that can be beneficial by halting the progression of the disease, the blood–brain barrier and other physiological barriers hinder their delivery and, consequently, the appropriate management of the disease. Therefore, drug delivery systems that effectively target and overcome the blood–brain barrier to reach the targeted brain area would improve treatment effectiveness. Liposomes are lipophilic carriers that consist of a phospholipid bilayer structure, simulating the physiological lipidic layer of the blood–brain barrier and enabling better delivery of the drug to the brain. Given that pure liposomes may have less targeting affinity than functionalized liposomes, modification with groups such as lactoferrin, poly(ethylene glycol), and transferrin may improve specificity. In this mini-review, we summarize the literature on the use of liposomes for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on the functionalization moieties of liposomes. In addition, challenges in brain delivery are also discussed.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; therapy; liposomes; functionalization; targeting; brain; nanoparticles Alzheimer’s disease; therapy; liposomes; functionalization; targeting; brain; nanoparticles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Constantinou, C.; Meliou, K.; Skouras, A.; Siafaka, P.; Christodoulou, P. Liposomes against Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Research and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1519. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071519

AMA Style

Constantinou C, Meliou K, Skouras A, Siafaka P, Christodoulou P. Liposomes against Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Research and Future Prospects. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(7):1519. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071519

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constantinou, Christiana, Katerina Meliou, Athanasios Skouras, Panoraia Siafaka, and Panayiota Christodoulou. 2024. "Liposomes against Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Research and Future Prospects" Biomedicines 12, no. 7: 1519. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071519

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