Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Cellular Immunity Parameters and Cytokine Profile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics
2.2. Subjects and Study Design
2.3. Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
2.4. Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Assay
2.5. Bio-Plex Multiplex Immunoassay
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients’ Data
3.2. Changes in Cellular Immunity Parameters in Women during the Use of MHT
3.3. Changes in the Number of Monocyte Subpopulations during the Use of MHT
3.4. Changes in the Cytokine Profile in Women during the Use of MHT
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Oral MHT (n = 27) | Transdermal MHT (n = 23) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years a | 51.4 (3.8) | 50.2 (3.0) | 0.356 |
BMI, kg/m2 a | 23.9 (2.76) | 24.0 (2.83) | 0.766 |
Weight, kg a | 65.4 (7.61) | 65.6 (7.13) | 0.897 |
smoking b | 4/27 (14.8%) | 3/23 (13.0%) | 0.907 |
Duration of the period of absence of menstruation, months c | 13.0 (6.25; 27.0) | 13.0 (6.0; 33.0) | 0.811 |
The sum of points on the Greene’s scale c | 20.0 (14.0; 26.5) | 19.5 (12.7; 27.2) | 0.865 |
mild CS b | 6/27(22.2%) | 6/23 (26.0%) | 0.728 |
CS moderate b | 6/27 (22.2%) | 6/23 (26.0%) | 0.728 |
severe CS b | 15/27 (55.6%) | 10/23 (43.5%) | 0.547 |
Index | Oral MHT (n = 27) | Transdermal MHT (n = 23) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 12 Weeks Later | p | Baseline | 12 Weeks Later | p | |
Greene scale score * | 20.0 (14.0; 26.5) | 9.0 (4.5; 12.0) | 0.001 | 19.5 (12.7; 27.2) | 9.0 (5.0; 12.0) | 0.001 |
Psycho-emotional symptoms (questions 1–11) * | 11.0 (7.0; 14.0) | 6.0 (2.0; 8.0) | 0.002 | 9.5 (6.75; 14.0) | 4.5 (2.0; 7.75) | 0.012 |
Physical symptoms (questions 12–18) * | 3.0 (0.5; 7.5) | 1.0 (0.0; 3.00) | <0.001 | 3.0 (1.0; 6.25) | 1.0 (0.0; 3.00) | 0.022 |
Vasomotor symptoms (question 19–20) * | 4.0 (2.5; 4.5) | 0.0 (0.0; 1.0) | <0.001 | 4.0 (2.0; 6.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 1.0) | 0.000 |
Sexual symptoms (question 21) * | 2.0 (1.0; 2.5) | 1.0 (0.0; 2.0) | 0.001 | 2.0 (0.0; 2.0) | 1.0 (0.0; 1.0) | 0.001 |
Index | Oral MHT (n = 27) | Transdermal MHT (n = 23) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | After 3 Months | p | Baseline | After 3 Months | p | |
Classical monocytes CD14++CD16− | 85.4 (81.4; 91.5) | 82.6 (74.0; 86.3) | 0.020 | 81.3 (76.0; 84.8) | 79.2 (75.6 82.8) | 0.484 |
Non-classical Monocytes CD14−CD16++ | 7.29 (5.81; 9.88) | 7.34 (5.84; 9.62) | 0.5 | 8.61 (7.34; 9.60) | 8.59 (7.38; 10.1) | 0.131 |
Intermediate monocytes CD14+CD16++ | 7.55 (5.55; 13.60) | 12.8 (8.30; 16.4) | 0.023 | 5.76 (4.79; 6.63) | 4.58 (2.79; 6.50) | 0.094 |
T-helpers CD3+CD4+ | 64.8 (57.6; 69.5) | 63.0 (56.5; 70.3) | 0.387 | 65.5 (59.2; 70.9) | 66.0 (59.9; 72.0) | 0.005 |
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes CD3+CD8+ | 30.6 (25.9; 40.0) | 33.7 (28.5; 40.7) | 0.22 | 28.2 (25.4; 36.0) | 29.3 (23.7; 37.6) | 0.101 |
NK cells | 5.76 (4.48; 14.5) | 8.40 (3.60; 18.9) | 0.045 | 4.83 (3.57; 7.77) | 6.10 (2.85; 10.9) | 0.58 |
B lymphocytes | 6.90 (2.96; 15.4) | 13.3 (3.56; 19.6) | 0.045 | 4.95 (2.87; 7.67) | 6.30 (2.00; 13.7) | 0.941 |
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Averyanova, M.; Yureneva, S.; Kiseleva, V.; Yakushevskaya, O.; Iskusnykh, M.; Pavlova, A.; Elchaninov, A.; Fatkhudinov, T.; Mikhanoshina, N.; Ivanets, T.; et al. Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Cellular Immunity Parameters and Cytokine Profile. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081892
Averyanova M, Yureneva S, Kiseleva V, Yakushevskaya O, Iskusnykh M, Pavlova A, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Mikhanoshina N, Ivanets T, et al. Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Cellular Immunity Parameters and Cytokine Profile. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(8):1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081892
Chicago/Turabian StyleAveryanova, Marina, Svetlana Yureneva, Viktoriia Kiseleva, Oksana Yakushevskaya, Marina Iskusnykh, Anna Pavlova, Andrey Elchaninov, Timur Fatkhudinov, Natalia Mikhanoshina, Tatiana Ivanets, and et al. 2024. "Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Cellular Immunity Parameters and Cytokine Profile" Biomedicines 12, no. 8: 1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081892