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Biomedicines
Volume 12
Issue 8
10.3390/biomedicines12081910
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Article

Clinical Evaluation of Adrenal Incidentaloma: The Experience of a Referral Center

by
Luigi Petramala
1,
Francesco Circosta
2,
Luca Marino
3,4,*,
Edoardo Palombi
3,
Maria Ludovica Costanzo
2,
Adriana Servello
3,
Gioacchino Galardo
3 and
Claudio Letizia
2
1
Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico “Umberto I”, 00185 Rome, Italy
4
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081910
Submission received: 21 June 2024 / Revised: 14 August 2024 / Accepted: 15 August 2024 / Published: 20 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Updates on Adrenal Tumors)
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Abstract

The number of adrenal incidentaloma (AI) cases has increased in the last few years due to the widespread use of imaging diagnostics. Management requires evaluation of the malignant nature and hormonal activity. The aim of the present study is to assess possible clinical abnormalities in 132 AI patients both at baseline and during follow-up (mean 48.6 ± 12.5 months). In all patients, demographic, anthropometric data, biochemical, metabolic and hormonal data, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were assessed. Mild autonomous cortisol secretions (MACS) were diagnosed in patients without signs and symptoms of overt Cushing’s syndrome and post dexamethasone (DXM) plasma cortisol concentration > 50 nmol/L (>1.8 μg/dL). Patients with overnight DXM-1 mg test positive showed higher values of diastolic blood pressure, glycemia and uric acid levels compared to patients with negative DXM test at baseline. During follow-up, the potential development of MACS in patients with nonfunctional AI showed a prevalence of 29%, though the cardiovascular and metabolic alterations were less pronounced compared to those diagnosed with MACS at baseline. Therefore, follow-ups with AI patients are useful for observing changes in clinical features.
Keywords: adrenal incidentaloma; dexamethasone test; hypertension; metabolic disorders adrenal incidentaloma; dexamethasone test; hypertension; metabolic disorders

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MDPI and ACS Style

Petramala, L.; Circosta, F.; Marino, L.; Palombi, E.; Costanzo, M.L.; Servello, A.; Galardo, G.; Letizia, C. Clinical Evaluation of Adrenal Incidentaloma: The Experience of a Referral Center. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081910

AMA Style

Petramala L, Circosta F, Marino L, Palombi E, Costanzo ML, Servello A, Galardo G, Letizia C. Clinical Evaluation of Adrenal Incidentaloma: The Experience of a Referral Center. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(8):1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081910

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petramala, Luigi, Francesco Circosta, Luca Marino, Edoardo Palombi, Maria Ludovica Costanzo, Adriana Servello, Gioacchino Galardo, and Claudio Letizia. 2024. "Clinical Evaluation of Adrenal Incidentaloma: The Experience of a Referral Center" Biomedicines 12, no. 8: 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081910

APA Style

Petramala, L., Circosta, F., Marino, L., Palombi, E., Costanzo, M. L., Servello, A., Galardo, G., & Letizia, C. (2024). Clinical Evaluation of Adrenal Incidentaloma: The Experience of a Referral Center. Biomedicines, 12(8), 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081910

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