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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Recent Updates on Adrenal Tumors
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Recent Updates on Adrenal Tumors

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2025 | Viewed by 4071

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Piotr Glinicki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: adrenal; neuroendocrine tumor; biomarkers
Dr. Alicja Szatko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: adrenal; neuroendocrine tumor; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adrenal tumors have a prevalence of around 2% in the general population. Adrenal tumors produce specific hormones and cause characteristic symptoms. The majority of incidentally found adrenal tumors are clinically silent; however, some are malignant or pose other threats to life.

Metabolomics and proteomics are new tools for the diagnosis of patients with adrenal incidentaloma and hormonally active and suspected malignant lesions.

This Special Issue welcomes original research and review articles on a range of topics related to current and new diagnostic approaches for adrenal tumors (pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, adrenocortical carcinoma, adrenal tumors with associated autonomous cortisol secretion, non-functioning adrenal tumors and others), in particular the use of newer immunoassays, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography (GC/MS).

Dr. Piotr Glinicki
Dr. Alicja Szatko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adrenal
  • neuroendocrine tumor
  • biomarkers
  • pheochromocytoma
  • urinary steroid profile
  • plasma steroid profile
  • chromogranin A
  • granin family protein

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 628 KiB  
Article
Clinical Evaluation of Adrenal Incidentaloma: The Experience of a Referral Center
by Luigi Petramala, Francesco Circosta, Luca Marino, Edoardo Palombi, Maria Ludovica Costanzo, Adriana Servello, Gioacchino Galardo and Claudio Letizia
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081910 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 632
Abstract
The number of adrenal incidentaloma (AI) cases has increased in the last few years due to the widespread use of imaging diagnostics. Management requires evaluation of the malignant nature and hormonal activity. The aim of the present study is to assess possible clinical [...] Read more.
The number of adrenal incidentaloma (AI) cases has increased in the last few years due to the widespread use of imaging diagnostics. Management requires evaluation of the malignant nature and hormonal activity. The aim of the present study is to assess possible clinical abnormalities in 132 AI patients both at baseline and during follow-up (mean 48.6 ± 12.5 months). In all patients, demographic, anthropometric data, biochemical, metabolic and hormonal data, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were assessed. Mild autonomous cortisol secretions (MACS) were diagnosed in patients without signs and symptoms of overt Cushing’s syndrome and post dexamethasone (DXM) plasma cortisol concentration > 50 nmol/L (>1.8 μg/dL). Patients with overnight DXM-1 mg test positive showed higher values of diastolic blood pressure, glycemia and uric acid levels compared to patients with negative DXM test at baseline. During follow-up, the potential development of MACS in patients with nonfunctional AI showed a prevalence of 29%, though the cardiovascular and metabolic alterations were less pronounced compared to those diagnosed with MACS at baseline. Therefore, follow-ups with AI patients are useful for observing changes in clinical features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Updates on Adrenal Tumors)
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10 pages, 793 KiB  
Article
The Role of the IGF2 Methylation Score in Diagnosing Adrenocortical Tumors with Unclear Malignant Potential—Feasibility of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue
by Rebecca V. Steenaard, Richard A. Feelders, Fadime Dogan, Peter M. van Koetsveld, Sara G. Creemers, Madeleine H. T. Ettaieb, Folkert J. van Kemenade, Harm R. Haak and Leo J. Hofland
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11072013 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1124
Abstract
The differentiation between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors based on pathological assessment can be difficult. We present a series of 17 patients with unclear malignant tumors, of whom six had recurrent or metastatic disease. The assessment of the methylation pattern of insulin-like growth [...] Read more.
The differentiation between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors based on pathological assessment can be difficult. We present a series of 17 patients with unclear malignant tumors, of whom six had recurrent or metastatic disease. The assessment of the methylation pattern of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) regulatory regions in fresh frozen material has shown to be valuable in determining the malignancy of adrenocortical tumors, although this has not been elaborately tested in unclear malignant tumors. Since fresh frozen tissue was only available in six of the patients, we determined the feasibility of using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue for this method. We isolated DNA from FFPE tissue and matched the fresh frozen tissue of three patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Methylation patterns of IGF2 regulatory regions were determined by pyrosequencing using different amounts of bisulfite-converted DNA (5 ng, 20 ng, 40 ng). Compared to fresh frozen tissue, FFPE tissue had a higher failure rate (fresh frozen 0%; FFPE 18.5%) and poor-to-moderate replicability (fresh frozen rho = 0.89–0.99, median variation 1.6%; FFPE rho = −0.09–0.85, median variation 7.7%). There was only a poor-to-moderate correlation between results from fresh frozen and FFPE tissue (rho = −0.28–0.70, median variation 13.2%). In conclusion, FFPE tissue is not suitable for determining the IGF2 methylation score in patients with an unclear malignant adrenocortical tumor using the currently used method. We, therefore, recommend fresh frozen storage of resection material for diagnostic and biobank purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Updates on Adrenal Tumors)
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14 pages, 2183 KiB  
Article
Expression of Amine Oxidase Proteins in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm and Pheochromocytoma
by Eun Kyung Kim and Ja Seung Koo
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1896; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071896 - 4 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1182
Abstract
We delved into the expression of amine oxidase family proteins and their potential significance in adrenal gland neoplasm. Tissue microarrays were prepared for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasm (ACN) consisting of 115 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma (ACA), 17 cases of adrenal [...] Read more.
We delved into the expression of amine oxidase family proteins and their potential significance in adrenal gland neoplasm. Tissue microarrays were prepared for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasm (ACN) consisting of 115 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma (ACA), 17 cases of adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC), and 163 cases of pheochromocytoma (PCC). Immunohistochemical stainings for MAOA, MAOB, LOX, and AOC3 were performed to evaluate the H-scores and compare them with clinicopathological parameters. The H-scores of MAOA (T; p = 0.005) and MAOB (T; p = 0.006) in tumor cells (T) were high in ACN, whereas LOX (T, S; p < 0.001) in tumor and stromal cells (S) and AOC3 (T; p < 0.001) were higher in PCC. In stromal cells, MAOA (S; p < 0.001) and AOC3 (S; p = 0.010) were more expressed in ACA than in ACC. MAOB (S) in PCC showed higher H-scores when the grading of adrenal pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (GAPP) score was 3 or higher (p = 0.027). In the univariate analysis, low MAOA expression in stromal cells of ACN was associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.008). In conclusion, monoamine oxidase proteins revealed differences in expression between ACN and PCC and also between benign and malignant cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Updates on Adrenal Tumors)
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