Importance of Studying Non-Coding RNA in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. miRNAs and T1D
1.2. Long Non-Coding RNA and T1D
1.3. Circular RNA and T1D
2. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Liese, A.D.; D’Agostino, R.B.; Hamman, R.F. The burden of diabetes mellitus among US youth: Prevalence estimates from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Pediatrics 2006, 118, 1510–1518. [Google Scholar]
- You, W.P.; Henneberg, M. Type 1 diabetes prevalence increasing globally and regionally: The role of natural selection and life expectancy at birth. BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care 2016, 4, e000161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed.; International Diabetes Federation: Brussels, Belgium, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Harding, J.L.; Wander, P.L.; Zhang, X.; Li, X.; Karuranga, S.; Chen, H.; Sun, H.; Xie, Y.; Oram, R.A.; Magliano, D.J.; et al. The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions. Diabetes Care 2022, 45, 994–1006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Craig, M.E.; Jefferies, C.; Dabelea, D.; Balde, N.; Seth, A.; Donaghue, K.C. Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr. Diabetes 2014, 19, 7–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Atkinson, M.A.; Eisenbarth, G.S.; Michels, A.W. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2014, 383, 69–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Eisenbarth, G.S. Type I diabetes mellitus. A chronic autoimmune disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1986, 314, 1360–1368. [Google Scholar]
- Besser, R.E.J.; Bell, K.J.; Couper, J.J.; Ziegler, A.G.; Wherrett, D.K.; Knip, M.; Speake, C.; Casteels, K.; Driscoll, K.A.; Jacobsen, L.; et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr. Diabetes 2022, 23, 1175–1187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tang, Q.; Adams, J.Y.; Penaranda, C.; Melli, K.; Piaggio, E.; Sgouroudis, E.; Piccirillo, C.A.; Salomon, B.L.; Bluestone, J.A. Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction. Immunity 2008, 28, 687–697. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Long, S.A.; Cerosaletti, K.; Bollyky, P.L.; Tatum, M.; Shilling, H.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.Y.; Pihoker, C.; Sanda, S.; Greenbaum, C. Buckner JH. Defects in IL-2R signaling contribute to diminished maintenance of FOXP3 expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells of type 1 diabetic subjects. Diabetes 2010, 59, 407–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garg, G.; Tyler, J.R.; Yang, J.H.; Cutler, A.J.; Downes, K.; Pekalski, M.; Bell, G.L.; Nutland, S.; Peakman, M.; Todd, J.A.; et al. Type 1 diabetes-associated IL2RA variation lowers IL-2 signaling and contributes to diminished CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function. J. Immunol. 2012, 188, 4644–4653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferraro, A.; Socci, C.; Stabilini, A.; Valle, A.; Monti, P.; Piemonti, L.; Nano, R.; Olek, S.; Maffi, P.; Scavini, M.; et al. Expansion of Th17 cells and functional defects in T regulatory cells are key features of the pancreatic lymph nodes in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2011, 60, 2903–2913. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gharibi, T.; Majidi, J.; Kazemi, T.; Dehghanzadeh, R.; Motallebnezhad, M.; Babaloo, Z. Biological effects of IL-21 on different immune cells and its role in autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2016, 221, 357–367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Surace, A.E.A.; Hedrich, C.M. The role of epigenetics in autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Front. Immunol. 2019, 10, 1525. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, G.C.; Pan, H.F.; Leng, R.X.; Wang, D.G.; Li, X.P.; Li, X.M.; Ye, D.Q. Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun. Rev. 2015, 14, 798–805. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Z.; Sun, B.; Huang, S.; Zhao, L. Roles of circular RNAs in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis. 2019, 10, 503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pauley, K.M.; Cha, S.; Chan, E.K.L. MicroRNA in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. J. Autoimmun. 2009, 32, 189–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mattick, J.S.; Makunin, I.V. Non-Coding RNA. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2006, 15, R17–R29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shah, D.; Gandhi, M.; Kumar, A.; Cruz-Martins, N.; Sharma, R.; Nair, S. Current Insights into Epigenetics, Noncoding RNA Interactome and Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Chemoprevention. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2023, 63, 1755–1791. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Qureshi, I.A.; Mehler, M.F. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in brain evolution, development, plasticity and disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2012, 13, 528–541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thum, T.; Condorelli, G. Long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Circ. Res. 2015, 116, 751–762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gandhi, M.; Nair, S. New Vistas in Malignant Mesothelioma: MicroRNA Architecture and NRF2/MAPK Signal Transduction. Life Sci. 2020, 257, 118–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Valencia-Sanchez, M.A.; Liu, J.; Hannon, G.J.; Parker, R. Control of Translation and MRNA Degradation by MiRNAs and SiRNAs. Genes Dev. 2006, 20, 515–524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Johanson, T.M.; Lew, A.M.; Chong, M.M.W. MicroRNA independent roles of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer. Open Biol. 2013, 3, 130144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krol, J.; Loedige, I.; Filipowicz, W. The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2010, 11, 597–610. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, S.; Pan, W.; Qian, Y. MicroRNA in immunity and autoimmunity. J. Mol. Med. 2013, 91, 1039–1050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mercer, T.R.; Mattick, J.S. Structure and function of long noncoding RNAs in epigenetic regulation. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2013, 20, 300–307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guttman, M.; Rinn, J.L. Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs. Nature 2012, 482, 339–346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khalil, A.M.; Guttman, M.; Huarte, M.; Garber, M.; Raj, A.; Rivea Morales, D.; Thomas, K.; Presser, A.; Bernstein, B.E.; van Oudenaarden, A.; et al. Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106, 11667–11672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia-Contreras, M.; Shah, S.H.; Tamayo, A.; Robbins, P.D.; Golberg, R.B.; Mendez, A.J.; Ricordi, C. Plasma-derived exosome characterization reveals a distinct microRNA signature in long duration Type 1 diabetes. Sci. Rep. 2017, 20, 5998. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thery, C.; Zitvogel, L.; Amigorena, S. Exosomes: Composition, biogenesis and function. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2002, 2, 569–579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lakhter, A.J.; Sims, E.K. Minireview: Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders. Mol. Endocrinol. 2015, 29, 1535–1548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ślusarz, A.; Pulakat, L. The two faces of miR-29. J. Cardiovasc. Med. 2015, 16, 480–490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, X.; Kuang, G.; Wu, Y.; Ou, C. Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in diabetes mellitus. Clin. Transl. Med. 2021, 11, e468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, T.; Xue, G.; Jianjun, W.; Wei, L.; Xiaomeng, Z.; Fan, Y. Dissecting lncRNA-mRNA competitive regulatory network in human islet tissue exosomes of a type 1 diabetes model reveals exosome miRNA markers. Front. Endocrinol. 2022, 13, 1015800. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Redondo, M.J.; Jeffrey, J.; Fain, P.R.; Eisenbarth, G.S.; Orban, T. Concordance for islet autoimmunity among monozygotic twins. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359, 2849–2850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- So, M.; Speake, C.; Steck, A.K.; Lundgren, M.; Colman, P.G.; Palmer, J.P.; Herold, K.C.; Greenbaum, C.J. Advances in Type 1 Diabetes Prediction Using Islet Autoantibodies: Beyond a Simple Count. Endocr. Rev. 2021, 42, 584–604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Herold, K.C.; Bundy, B.N.; Long, S.A.; Bluestone, J.A.; DiMeglio, L.A.; Dufort, M.J.; Gitelman, S.E.; Gottlieb, P.A.; Krischer, J.P.; Linsley, P.S.; et al. Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2019, 381, 603–613. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ramos, E.L.; Dayan, C.M.; Chatenoud, L.; Sumnik, Z.; Simmons, K.M.; Szypowska, A.; Gitelman, S.E.; Knecht, L.A.; Niemoeller, E.; Tian, W.; et al. PROTECT Study Investigators Teplizumab and β-Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 389, 2151–2161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Forlenza, G.P.; McVean, J.; Beck, R.W.; Bauza, C.; Bailey, R.; Buckingham, B.; DiMeglio, L.A.; Sherr, J.L.; Clements, M.; Neyman, A.; et al. Effect of Verapamil on Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023, 329, 990–999. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cherubini, V.; Skrami, E.; Ferrito, L.; Zucchini, S.; Scaramuzza, A.; Bonfanti, R.; Buono, P.; Cardella, F.; Cauvin, V.; Chiari, G.; et al. High frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italian children: A nationwide longitudinal study, 2004–2013. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 38844. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fyvie, M.J.; Gillespie, K.M. The importance of biomarker development for monitoring type 1 diabetes progression rate and therapeutic responsiveness. Front. Immunol. 2023, 14, 1158278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bonifacio, E. Predicting type 1 diabetes using biomarkers. Diabetes Care 2015, 38, 989–996. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guay, C.; Regazzi, R. Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2013, 9, 513–521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Esteller, M. Non-coding RNAs in human disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2011, 12, 861–874. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Butz, H.; Kinga, N.; Racz, K.; Patocs, A. Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for endocrine disorders. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 2016, 39, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bartel, D.P. MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 2009, 136, 215–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miao, C.; Chang, J.; Zhang, G.; Fang, Y. MicroRNAs in type 1 diabetes: New research progress and potential directions. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2018, 96, 498–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lakhter, A.J.; Pratt, R.E.; Moore, R.E.; Doucette, K.K.; Maier, B.F.; DiMeglio, L.A.; Sims, E.K. Beta cell extracellular vesicle miR-21-5p cargo is increased in response to inflammatory cytokines and serves as a biomarker of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018, 61, 1124–1134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Grieco, G.E.; Cataldo, D.; Ceccarelli, E.; Nigi, L.; Catalano, G.; Brusco, N.; Mancarella, F.; Ventriglia, G.; Fondelli, C.; Guarino, E.; et al. Serum levels of miR-148a and miR-21-5p are increased in type 1 diabetic patients and correlated with markers of bone strength and metabolism. Noncoding RNA 2018, 4, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sims, E.K.; Lakhter, A.J.; Anderson-Baucum, E.; Kono, T.; Tong, X.; Evans-Molina, C. MicroRNA 21 targets BCL2 mRNA to increase apoptosis in rat and human beta cells. Diabetologia 2017, 60, 1057–1065. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ruan, Q.; Wang, T.; Kameswaran, V.; Wei, Q.; Johnson, D.S.; Matschinsky, F.; Shi, W.; Chen, Y.H. The microRNA-21-PDCD4 axis prevents type 1 diabetes by blocking pancreatic beta cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 12030–12035. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Roggli, E.; Britan, A.; Gattesco, S.; Lin-Marq, N.; Abderrahmani, A.; Meda, P.; Regazzi, R. Involvement of MicroRNAs in the cytotoxic effects exerted by proinflammatory cytokines on pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2010, 59, 978–986. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roggli, E.; Gattesco, S.; Caille, D.; Briet, C.; Boitard, C.; Meda, P.; Regazzi, R. Changes in MicroRNA expression contribute to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in prediabetic NOD mice. Diabetes 2012, 61, 1742–1751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Osipova, J.; Fischer, D.C.; Dangwal, S.; Volkmann, I.; Widera, C.; Schwarz, K.; Lorenzen, J.M.; Schreiver, C.; Jacoby, U.; Heimhalt, M.; et al. Diabetes-associated microRNAs in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional cohort study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2014, 99, E1661–E1665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Seyhan, A.A.; Nunez Lopez, Y.O.; Xie, H.; Yi, F.; Mathews, C.; Pasarica, M.; Pratley, R.E. Pancreas-enriched miRNAs are altered in the circulation of subjects with diabetes: A pilot cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 31479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ventriglia, G.; Mancarella, F.; Sebastiani, G.; Cook, D.P.; Mallone, R.; Mathieu, C.; Gysemans, C.; Dotta, F. miR-409-3p is reduced in plasma and islet immune infiltrates of NOD diabetic mice and is differentially expressed in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020, 63, 124–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barutta, F.; Bruno, G.; Matullo, G.; Chaturvedi, N.; Grimaldi, S.; Schalkwijk, C.; Stehouwer, C.D.; Fuller, J.H.; Gruden, G. MicroRNA-126 and Micro-/Macrovascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Acta Diabetol. 2017, 54, 133–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.Y.; Zheng, Y.S.; Li, Z.G.; Cui, Y.M.; Jiang, J.C. MiR-92a contributes to the cardiovascular disease development in diabetes mellitus through NF-κB and downstream inflammatory pathways. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2019, 23, 3070–3079. [Google Scholar]
- Van Solingen, C.; Bijkerk, R.; de Boer, H.C.; Rabelink, T.J.; van Zonneveld, A.J. The Role of MicroRNA-126 in Vascular Homeostasis. Curr. Vasc. Pharm. 2015, 13, 341–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asgeirsdóttir, S.A.; van Solingen, C.; Kurniati, N.F.; Zwiers, P.J.; Heeringa, P.; van Meurs, M.; Satchell, S.C.; Saleem, M.A.; Mathieson, P.W.; Banas, B.; et al. MicroRNA-126 contributes to renal microvascular heterogeneity of VCAM-1 protein expression in acute inflammation. Am. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 2012, 302, F1630–F1639. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eliasson, L.; Regazzi, R. Micro (RNA) management and mismanagement of the islet. J. Mol. Biol. 2020, 432, 1419–1428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- El Ouaamari, A.; Baroukh, N.; Martens, G.A.; Lebrun, P.; Pipeleers, D.; van Obberghen, E. MiR-375 Targets 3′-phosphoinositidedependent protein kinase-1 and regulates glucose-induced biological responses in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 2008, 57, 2708–2717. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samandari, N.; Mirza, A.H.; Nielsen, L.B.; Kaur, S.; Hougaard, P.; Fredheim, S.; Mortensen, H.B.; Pociot, F. Circulating microRNA levels predict residual beta cell function and glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2017, 60, 354–363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Assmann, T.S.; Recamonde-Mendoza, M.; De Souza, B.M.; Crispim, D. MicroRNA expression profiles and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and bioinformatic analysis. Endocr. Connect. 2017, 6, 773–790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, C.; Ouyang, X.; Lv, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, W. Cross-talks between microRNAs and mRNAs in pancreatic tissues of streptozotocininduced type 1 diabetic mice. Biomed. Rep. 2015, 3, 333–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ma, H.; Zhang, S.; Shi, D.; Mao, Y.; Cui, J. MicroRNA-26a promotes regulatory T cells and suppresses autoimmune diabetes in mice. Inflammation 2016, 39, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghaffari, M.; Razi, S.; Zalpoor, H.; Nabi-Afjadi, M.; Mohebichamkhorami, F.; Zali, H. Association of MicroRNA-146a with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and their Related Complications. J. Diabetes Res. 2023, 2023, 2587104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Swolin-Eide, D.; Forsander, G.; Pundziute Lyckå, A.; Novak, D.; Grillari, J.; Diendorfer, A.B.; Hackl, M.; Magnusson, P. Circulating microRNAs in young individuals with long- duration type 1 diabetes in comparison with healthy controls. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 11634. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nielsen, L.B.; Wang, C.; Sørensen, K.; Bang-Berthelsen, C.H.; Hansen, L.; Andersen, M.L.; Hougaard, P.; Juul, A.; Zhang, C.Y.; Pociot, F.; et al. Circulating levels of microRNA from children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and healthy controls: Evidence that miR-25 associates to residual beta-cell function and glycaemic control during disease progression. Exp. Diabetes Res. 2012, 2012, 896362. [Google Scholar]
- Snowhite, I.V.; Allende, G.; Sosenko, J.; Pastori, R.L.; Messinger Cayetano, S.; Pugliese, A. Association of serum microRNAs with islet autoimmunity, disease progression and metabolic impairment in relatives at risk of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017, 60, 1409–1422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garavelli, S.; Bruzzaniti, S.; Tagliabue, E.; Prattichizzo, F.; Di Silvestre, D.; Perna, F.; La Sala, L.; Ceriello, A.; Mozzillo, E.; Fattorusso, V.; et al. Blood co-circulating extracellular microRNAs and immune cell subsets associate with type 1 diabetes severity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Erener, S.; Marwaha, A.; Tan, R.; Panagiotopoulos, C.; Kieffer, T.J. Profiling of circulating microRNAs in children with recent onset of type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2017, 2, e89656. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Edqvist, J.; Rawshani, A.; Adiels, M.; Björck, L.; Lind, M.; Svensson, A.M.; Gudbjörnsdottir, S.; Sattar, N.; Rosengren, A. BMI, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: Findings Against an Obesity Paradox. Diabetes Care 2019, 42, 1297–1304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gómez-Peralta, F.; Menéndez, E.; Conde, S.; Conget, I.; Novials, A. Características clínicas y manejo de la diabetes tipo 1 enEspaña. Estudio SED1. Endocrinol. Diabetes Nutr. 2021, 68, 642–653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morales-Sánchez, P.; Lambert, C.; Ares-Blanco, J.; Suárez-Gutiérrez, L.; Villa-Fernández, E.; Garcia, A.V.; García-Villarino, M.; Tejedor, J.R.; Fraga, M.F.; Torre, E.M.; et al. Circulating miRNA expression in long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 8611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ponting, C.P.; Oliver, P.L.; Reik, W. Evolution and functions of long noncoding RNAs. Cell 2009, 136, 629–641. [Google Scholar]
- Todd, J.A.; Walker, N.M.; Cooper, J.D.; Smyth, D.J.; Downes, K.; Plagnol, V.; Bailey, R.; Nejentsev, S.; Field, S.F.; Payne, F.; et al. Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 2007, 39, 857–864. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Casellas, A.; Mallol, C.; Salavert, A.; Jimenez, V.; Garcia, M.; Agudo, J.; Obach, M.; Haurigot, V.; Vila, L.; Molas, M.; et al. Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 overexpression induces beta-Cell dysfunction and increases Beta-cell susceptibility to damage. J. Biol. Chem 2015, 290, 16772–16785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arnes, L.; Akerman, I.; Balderes, D.A.; Ferrer, J.; Sussel, L. Betalinc1 encodes a long noncoding RNA that regulates islet beta-cell formation and function. Genes Dev. 2016, 30, 502–507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wallace, C.; Smyth, D.J.; Maisuria-Armer, M.; Walker, N.M.; Todd, J.A.; Clayton, D.G. The imprinted DLK1-MEG3 gene region on chromosome 14q32.2 alters susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 2010, 42, 68–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- You, L.; Wang, N.; Yin, D.; Wang, L.; Jin, F.; Zhu, Y.; Yuan, Q.; De, W. Downregulation of Long Noncoding RNA Meg3 Affects Insulin Synthesis and Secretion in Mouse Pancreatic Beta Cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 2016, 231, 852–862. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, Y.; Wu, F.; Zhou, J.; Yan, L.; Jurczak, M.J.; Lee, H.Y.; Yang, L.; Mueller, M.; Zhou, X.B.; Dandolo, L.; et al. The H19/let-7 double-negative feedback loop contributes to glucose metabolism in muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014, 42, 13799–13811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, S.; Sheng, L.; Miao, H.; Saunders, T.L.; MacDougald, O.A.; Koenig, R.J.; Xu, B. SRA gene knockout protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance. J. Biol. Chem. 2014, 289, 13000–13009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lanz, R.B.; McKenna, N.J.; Onate, S.A.; Albrecht, U.; Wong, J.; Tsai, S.Y.; Tsai, M.J.; O’Malley, B.W. A steroid receptor coactivator, SRA, functions as an RNA and is present in an SRC-1 complex. Cell 1999, 97, 17–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xu, B.; Gerin, I.; Miao, H.; Vu-Phan, D.; Johnson, C.N.; Xu, R.; Chen, X.W.; Cawthorn, W.P.; MacDougald, O.A.; Koenig, R.J. Multiple roles for the non-coding RNA SRA in regulation of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. PLoS ONE 2010, 5, e14199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Y.N.; Chiang, S.L.; Lin, Y.J.; Liu, S.C.; Li, Y.H.; Liao, Y.C.; Lee, M.R.; Su, P.H.; Tsai, F.J.; Hung, H.C.; et al. Long, Noncoding RNA SRA Induces Apoptosis of β-Cells by Promoting the IRAK1/LDHA/Lactate Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1720. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ayoub, S.E.; Hefzy, E.M.; Abd El-Hmid, R.G.; Ahmed, N.A.; Khalefa, A.A.; Ali, D.Y.; Ali, M.A. Analysis of the expression profile of long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 and THRIL in children with immune thrombocytopenia. IUBMB Life 2020, 72, 1941–1950. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhat, A.A.; Afzal, O.; Agrawal, N.; Thapa, R.; Almalki, W.H.; Kazmi, I.; Alzarea, S.I.; Altamimi, A.S.A.; Kukreti, N.; Chakraborty, A. A comprehensive review on the emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of NF-κB signaling in inflammatory lung diseases. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2023, 253, 126951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cardamone, G.; Paraboschi, E.M.; Solda, G.; Cantoni, C.; Supino, D.; Piccio, L.; Duga, S.; Asselta, R. Not only cancer: The long non-coding RNA MALAT1 affects the repertoire of alternatively spliced transcripts and circular RNAs in multiple sclerosis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2019, 28, 1414–1428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dichev, V.; Mehterov, N.; Kazakova, M.; Karalilova, R.; Batalov, A.; Sarafian, V. The lncRNAs/miR-30e/CHI3L1 axis is dysregulated in systemic sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 496. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, G.; Bhat, A.A.; Goyal, A.; Singla, N.; Gupta, S.; Sharma, S.; Bhatt, S.; Dua, K. Exploring ACSL4/LPCAT3/ALOX15 and SLC7A11/GPX4/NFE2L2 as potential targets in ferroptosis-based cancer therapy. Future Med. Chem. 2023, 15, 1209–1212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- El-Sayed, E.H.; Fathy, A.; Al-Deen Younes, S.E.; Al-Shahaly, M.H.; Omar, H.H. Long Non-coding RNA genes polymorphisms H19 (rs2251375) and MALAT1 (rs3200401) association with rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with disease activity in a cohort of egyptian patients: A pilot study. Biochem. Genet. 2023, 61, 2443–2456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, F.; Tan, Y.; Luo, H. MALAT1 is involved in type I IFNs-mediated systemic lupus erythematosus by up-regulating OAS2, OAS3, and OASL. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020, 53, e9292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghafouri-Fard, S.; Azimi, T.; Hussen, B.M.; Taheri, M.; Jalili Khoshnoud, R. A review on the role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12964. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, H.; Wang, F.; Shi, X.; Ma, H.; Du, Y.; Hou, L.; Xing, N. LncRNA MALAT1 induces the dysfunction of β cells via reducing the histone acetylation of the PDX-1 promoter in type 1 diabetes. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2020, 114, 104432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lu, Y.; Liu, D.; Feng, Q.; Liu, Z. Diabetic nephropathy: Perspective on extracellular vesicles. Front. Immunol. 2020, 11, 943. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wong, W.K.; Jiang, G.; Sørensen, A.E.; Chew, Y.V.; Lee-Maynard, C.; Liuwantara, D.; Williams, L.; O’Connell, P.J.; Dalgaard, L.T.; Ma, R.C.; et al. The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 predicts human pancreatic islet isolation quality. JCI Insight 2019, 5, e129299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dieter, C.; Lemos, N.E.; Corrêa, N.R.D.F.; Assmann, T.S.; Crispim, D. The impact of lncRNAs in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and in silico analyses. Front. Endocrinol. 2021, 12, 602597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, N.; Zhu, Y.; Xie, M.; Wang, L.; Jin, F.; Li, Y.; Yuan, Q.; De, W. Long Noncoding RNA Meg3 Regulates Mafa Expression in Mouse Beta Cells by Inactivating Rad21, Smc3 or Sin3α. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 2018, 45, 2031–2043. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussein, R.M. Long non-coding RNAs: The hidden players in diabetes mellitus-related complications. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 2023, 17, 102872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gould, S.J.; Raposo, G. As we wait: Coping with an imperfect nomenclature for extracellular vesicles. J. Extracell. Vesicles 2013, 15, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kowal, J.; Arras, G.; Colombo, M.; Jouve, M.; Morath, J.P.; Primdal-Bengtson, B.; Dingli, F.; Loew, D.; Tkach, M.; Théry, C. Proteomic comparison defines novel markers to characterize heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicle subtypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2016, 113, E968–E977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Willms, E.; Johansson, H.J.; Mäger, I.; Lee, Y.; Blomberg, K.E.; Sadik, M.; Alaarg, A.; Smith, C.I.; Lehtiö, J.; El Andaloussi, S.; et al. Cells release subpopulations of exosomes with distinct molecular and biological properties. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 22519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, Y.; Pfeifer, A. Brown fat-derived exosomes: Small vesicles with big impact. Cell Metab. 2017, 25, 759–760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rahman, M.J.; Regn, D.; Bashratyan, R.; Dai, Y.D. Exosomes released by islet-derived mesenchymal stem cells trigger autoimmune responses in NOD mice. Diabetes 2014, 63, 1008–1020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pitt, J.M.; Kroemer, G.; Zitvogel, L. Extracellular vesicles: Masters of intercellular communication and potential clinical interventions. J. Clin. Investig. 2016, 126, 1139–1143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia-Contreras, M.; Brooks, R.W.; Boccuzzi, L.; Robbins, P.D.; Ricordi, C. Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2017, 21, 2940–2956. [Google Scholar]
- Pang, H.; Luo, S.; Xiao, Y.; Xia, Y.; Li, X.; Huang, G.; Xie, Z.; Zhou, Z. Emerging Roles of Exosomes in T1DM. Front. Immunol. 2020, 11, 593348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zaborowski, M.P.; Balaj, L.; Breakefield, X.O.; Lai, C.P. Extracellular vesicles: Composition, biological relevance, and methods of study. Bioscience 2015, 65, 783–797. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mirza, A.H.; Kaur, S.; Pociot, F. Long non-Coding RNAs as novel players in beta cell function and type 1 diabetes. Hum. Genom. 2017, 11, 17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Knoll, M.; Lodish, H.F.; Sun, L. Long non-Coding RNAs as regulators of the endocrine system. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2015, 11, 151–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Eliasson, L.; Esguerra, J.L. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in pancreatic beta-cell development and physiology. Acta Physiol. 2014, 211, 273–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Motterle, A.; Gattesco, S.; Caille, D.; Meda, P.; Regazzi, R. Involvement of Long non-Coding RNAs in beta cell failure at the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetologia 2015, 58, 1827–1835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pang, H.; Fan, W.; Shi, X.; Li, J.; Wang, Y.; Luo, S.; Lin, J.; Huang, G.; Li, X.; Xie, Z.; et al. Characterization of lncRNA profiles of plasma-derived exosomes from type 1 diabetes mellitus. Front. Endocrinol. 2022, 13, 822221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ransohoff, J.D.; Wei, Y.; Khavari, P.A. The functions and unique features of Long Intergenic non-Coding RNA. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2018, 19, 143–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Djebali, S.; Davis, C.A.; Merkel, A.; Dobin, A.; Lassmann, T.; Mortazavi, A.; Tanzer, A.; Lagarde, J.; Lin, W.; Schlesinger, F.; et al. Landscape of transcription in human cells. Nature 2012, 489, 101–108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venter, J.C.; Adams, M.D.; Myers, E.W.; Li, P.W.; Mural, R.J.; Sutton, G.G.; Smith, H.O.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.A.; Holt, R.A.; et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science 2001, 291, 1304–1351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kapranov, P.; Cawley, S.E.; Drenkow, J.; Bekiranov, S.; Strausberg, R.L.; Fodor, S.P.; Gingeras, T.R. Large-scale transcriptional activity in chromosomes 21 and 22. Science 2002, 296, 916–919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bertone, P.; Stolc, V.; Royce, T.E.; Rozowsky, J.S.; Urban, A.E.; Zhu, X.; Rinn, J.L.; Tongprasit, W.; Samanta, M.; Weissman, S.; et al. Global identification of human transcribed sequences with genome tiling arrays. Science 2004, 306, 2242–2246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rinn, J.L.; Euskirchen, G.; Bertone, P.; Martone, R.; Luscombe, N.M.; Hartman, S.; Harrison, P.M.; Nelson, F.K.; Miller, P.; Gerstein, M.; et al. The transcriptional activity of human chromosome 22. Genes Dev. 2003, 17, 529–540. [Google Scholar]
- Maeda, N.; Kasukawa, T.; Oyama, R.; Gough, J.; Frith, M.; Engström, P.G.; Lenhard, B.; Aturaliya, R.N.; Batalov, S.; Beisel, K.W.; et al. Transcript annotation in FANTOM3: Mouse gene catalog based on physical cDNAs. PLoS Genet. 2006, 2, e62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guttman, M.; Amit, I.; Garber, M.; French, C.; Lin, M.F.; Feldser, D.; Huarte, M.; Zuk, O.; Carey, B.W.; Cassady, J.P.; et al. Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals. Nature 2009, 458, 223–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jeck, W.R.; Sorrentino, J.A.; Wang, K.; Slevin, M.K.; Burd, C.E.; Liu, J.; Marzluff, W.F.; Sharpless, N.E. Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats. RNA 2013, 19, 141–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vromman, M.; Vandesompele, J.; Volders, P.J. Closing the circle: Current state and perspectives of circular RNA databases. Briefings Bioinf. 2021, 22, 288–297. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barrett, S.P.; Salzman, J. Circular RNAs: Analysis, expression and potential functions. Development 2016, 143, 1838–1847. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pamudurti, N.R.; Bartok, O.; Jens, M.; Ashwal-Fluss, R.; Stottmeister, C.; Ruhe, L.; Hanan, M.; Wyler, E.; Perez-Hernandez, D.; Ramberger, E.; et al. Translation of CircRNAs. Mol. Cell 2017, 66, 9–21.e7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, B.; Song, F.; Yang, Q.; Zhou, Y.; Shao, C.; Shen, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Tang, Q.; Hou, Y.; Xie, J. Characterization of tissue-specific biomarkers with the expression of circRNAs in forensically relevant body fluids. Int. J. Leg. Med. 2019, 133, 1321–1331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Song, M.; Bai, H.; Zhang, P.; Zhou, X.; Ying, B. Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics. Int. J. Oral Sci. 2023, 15, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, R.J.; Zhang, W.Y.; Fan, X.X. Circular RNAs: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Heliyon 2023, 10, e23694. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stoll, L.; Sobel, J.; Rodriguez-Trejo, A.; Guay, C.; Lee, K.; Venø, M.T.; Kjems, J.; Laybutt, D.R.; Regazzi, R. Circular RNAs as novel regulators of β-cell functions in normal and disease conditions. Mol. Metab. 2018, 9, 69–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luo, S.; Deng, M.; Xie, Z.; Li, X.; Huang, G.; Zhou, Z. Circulating circular RNAs profiles associated with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2021, 37, e3394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, M.; Zou, J.; Zhu, Y.; Yuan, X.; Liu, Q.; Cai, H.; Chu, C.Q.; Liu, Y. Differential profile of plasma circular RNAs in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. J. 2020, 44, 854–865. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pang, W.; Fan, X.; Shi, S.; Luo, Y.; Wang, J.; Lin, Y.; Xiao, X.; Li, G.; Huang, Z.; Xie, Z.; et al. Differential expression and bioinformatics analysis of plasma-derived exosomal circRNA in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J. Immunol. Res. 2022, 2022, 3625052. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, C.; Han, X.; Yang, L.; Fu, J.; Sun, C.; Huang, S.; Xiao, W.; Gao, Y.; Liang, Q.; Wang, X.; et al. Circular RNA circPPM1F modulates M1 macrophage activation and pancreatic islet inflammation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Theranostics 2020, 10, 10908–10924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Padgett, L.E.; Burg, A.R.; Lei, W.; Tse, H.M. Loss of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide skews macrophage phenotypes to delay type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2015, 64, 937–946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ebert, M.S.; Sharp, P.A. MicroRNA sponges: Progress and possibilities. RNA 2010, 16, 2043–2050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, H.; Guo, S.; Li, W.; Yu, P. The circular RNA Cdr1as, via miR-7 and its targets, regulates insulin transcription and secretion in islet cells. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 12453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, L.; Han, X.; Zhang, C.; Sun, C.; Huang, S.; Xiao, W.; Gao, Y.; Liang, Q.; Luo, F.; Lu, W.; et al. Hsa_circ_0060450 negatively regulates type I interferon induced inflammation by serving as miR-199a-5p sponge in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Front. Immunol. 2020, 11, 576903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Cabiati, M.; Federico, G.; Del Ry, S. Importance of Studying Non-Coding RNA in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091988
Cabiati M, Federico G, Del Ry S. Importance of Studying Non-Coding RNA in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(9):1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091988
Chicago/Turabian StyleCabiati, Manuela, Giovanni Federico, and Silvia Del Ry. 2024. "Importance of Studying Non-Coding RNA in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes" Biomedicines 12, no. 9: 1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091988