Inflammation and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism: Impact on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Mexican Women on Dialysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Populations
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Biochemical Measurements
2.4. Bone Mineral Density
2.5. Genotyping
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Outcome and Survival Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Data: | Total n = 246 | bb n = 158 | BB+Bb n = 88 | p-Value |
Age (y) | 43.2 ± 1.1 | 42.4 ± 1.7 | 43.9 ± 11.0 | 0.271 |
Time on dialysis (m) | 30 (1–216) | 30 (15–60) | 31 (16–61) | 0.950 |
Diabetes mellitus Yes (%) | 29 | 19 | 12 | 0.263 |
CAPD/HD/APD(%) | 48/23/29 | 29/17/17 | 19/6/11 | 0.109 |
Calcitriol Yes (%) | 26.4 | 28.4 | 22.7 | 0.521 |
CaCO3 Yes (%) | 85.15 | 85 | 85 | 0.203 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 4.7 | 24.7 ± 4.1 | 26.2 ± 5.6 | 0.021 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 135.4 ± 20.9 | 135.2 ± 20.3 | 135.7 ± 22.5 | 0.901 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83.9 ± 14.3 | 84.96 ± 13.82 | 82.14 ± 15.10 | 0.220 |
Amenorrhea (%) | 38.6 | 50 | 52.9 | 0.401 |
BMD (g/cm2) | 0.42 (0.35–0.50) | 0.43 (0.36–0.51) | 0.41 (0.34–0.45) | 0.102 |
T-score | −1.26 ± 1.06 | −1.14 ± 1.09 | −1.48 ± 0.97 | 0.031 |
Z-score | −1.20 (−1.75–−0.50) | −1.1 (−1.75–−0.50) | −1.30 (−1.30–−0.90) | 0.012 |
Fat body mass(% of) | 30.19 ± 9.66 | 30.01 ± 9.44 | 30.49 ± 10.07 | 0.970 |
Biochemical Data: | ||||
Ca × PO4 | 45.73 ± 17.6 | 46.54 ± 18.49 | 44.27 ± 16.11 | 0.327 |
cCa(alb) (mg/dL) | 9.55 ± 1.01 | 8.56 ± 1.58 | 8.50 ± 1.66 | 0.759 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.38 ± 1.90 | 5.42 ± 1.92 | 5.30 ± 1.88 | 0.641 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.61 ± 0.72 | 3.69 ± 0.72 | 3.50 ± 0.67 | 0.052 |
PINP (ng/mL) | 321 (159–652) | 309 (166–647) | 337 (154–675) | 0.352 |
β-CTx (ng/mL) | 1.36 (0.16–2.4) | 1.30 (0.83–2.37) | 1.46 (0.72–2.41) | 0.470 |
OPG (ng/mL) | 5167 (3634–7083) | 5209 (3729–7105) | 4759 (3285–7083) | 0.810 |
Osteocalcin (ng/mL) | 169 (64–300) | 169 (70–297) | 171 (53.68–300) | 0.927 |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 124 (41–337) | 116 (40–319) | 149 (43–342) | 0.219 |
Fetuin A (g/L) | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 0.48 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.12 | 0.091 |
hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.34 (0.01–5.29) | 0.29 (0.12–0.69) | 0.52 (0.21–1.50) | 0.010 |
Group | Survivors | Non-Survivors | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Patient n | 179 | 55 | |
Age (years) | 42 ± 11 | 46 ± 12 | 0.010 |
Diabetes mellitus (yes/non) | 48/131 | 29/27 | 0.001 |
Polymorphism bb/BB+Bb (%) | 64.8/35.2 | 65.5/34.4 | 0.551 |
Time on dialysis (months) | 32 (16–69) | 24 (11–45) | 0.022 |
Calcitriol yes/no (%) | 75/25 | 76/24 | 0.521 |
CaCO3 yes/no (%) | 14.6/85.3 | 11.8/88.2 | 0.457 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.22 ± 4.99 | 25.52 ± 3.72 | 0.668 |
BMD (g/cm2) | 0.42 (0.35–0.50) | 0.43 (0.35–0.49) | 0.282 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.17 ± 3.50 | 9.37 ± 3.41 | 0.161 |
cCa alb (mg/dL) | 8.66± 1.59 | 8.60 ± 1.56 | 0.788 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.39 ± 1.79 | 5.20 ± 2.03 | 0.491 |
hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.32 (0.14–0.78) | 0.56 (0.23–1.52) | 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.78 ± 0.66 | 3.29 ± 0.65 | 0.003 |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 154 (43–344) | 86 (28–318) | 0.152 |
PINP (ng/mL) | 313 (165–652) | 360 (175–677) | 0.750 |
β-CTx (ng/mL) | 1.46 (0.81–2.45) | 1.23 (0.81–2.24) | 0.082 |
OPG (ng/mL) | 5710 ± 3178 | 7236 ± 4535 | 0.029 |
Univariate | Multivariate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Age (years) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.002 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.341 |
Vintage (months) | 0.98 (0.98–1.00) | 0.056 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.790 |
Diabetes mellitus (presence) | 2.55 (1.50–4.40) | 0.001 | 1.83 (0.88–3.77) | 0.100 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 0.54 (0.34–0.82) | 0.005 | 0.67 (0.39–1.14) | 0.142 |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.322 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.223 |
OPG (per 100 ng/mL) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.005 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.320 |
hs-CRP > (0.3 mg/dL) | 1.40 (1.18–1.66) | 0.005 | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | 0.003 |
Bsm1 | n | Deaths (%) | Model 1 | p-Value | Model 2 | p-Value | Model 3 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bb and non-inflamed | 8 | 10.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
BB+Bb and non-inflamed | 30 | 10.0 | 0.84 (0.22–3.19) | 0.800 | 0.82 (0.21–3.13) | 0.771 | 1.11 (0.26–4.77) | 0.872 |
bb and inflamed | 75 | 25.3 | 2.33 (1.01–5.33) | 0.042 | 2.38 (1.03–5.50) | 0.041 | 3.49 (1.20–10.9) | 0.020 |
BB+Bb and inflamed | 51 | 23.5 | 1.96 (0.78–4.94) | 0.151 | 1.90 (0.75–4.85) | 0.17 | 2.76 (0.88–8.61) | 0.072 |
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Ávila, M.; Mora, C.; Prado-Uribe, M.d.C.; Cueto-Manzano, A.; Qureshi, A.R.; Lindholm, B.; Bernal Amador, A.S.; Paniagua, R. Inflammation and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism: Impact on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Mexican Women on Dialysis. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091990
Ávila M, Mora C, Prado-Uribe MdC, Cueto-Manzano A, Qureshi AR, Lindholm B, Bernal Amador AS, Paniagua R. Inflammation and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism: Impact on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Mexican Women on Dialysis. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(9):1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091990
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁvila, Marcela, Carmen Mora, Ma del Carmen Prado-Uribe, Alfonso Cueto-Manzano, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Bengt Lindholm, Alma Sofía Bernal Amador, and Ramón Paniagua. 2024. "Inflammation and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism: Impact on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Mexican Women on Dialysis" Biomedicines 12, no. 9: 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091990