Endothelial Barrier Function and Leukocyte Transmigration in Atherosclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Endothelial Barrier Function
2.1. Tight Junctions
2.2. Adherens Junctions
2.3. Tissue-Specific Endothelium
2.4. Vasomotor Function
3. Endothelial Activation and Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration
3.1. Finding Sites of Extravasation
3.2. Opening Endothelial Cell Junctions
3.3. Leukocyte Migration into the Vessel Wall
3.4. Vascular Bed Specific TEM
4. Atherosclerosis and Barrier Function
4.1. Plaque Hypoxia
4.2. Intraplaque Angiogenesis and Intraplaque Hemorrhage
4.3. Angiogenesis Associated Macrophages
4.4. Statins
4.5. Atherosclerosis Heterogeneity
5. Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Approval
References
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Sluiter, T.J.; van Buul, J.D.; Huveneers, S.; Quax, P.H.A.; de Vries, M.R. Endothelial Barrier Function and Leukocyte Transmigration in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040328
Sluiter TJ, van Buul JD, Huveneers S, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. Endothelial Barrier Function and Leukocyte Transmigration in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(4):328. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040328
Chicago/Turabian StyleSluiter, Thijs J., Jaap D. van Buul, Stephan Huveneers, Paul H. A. Quax, and Margreet R. de Vries. 2021. "Endothelial Barrier Function and Leukocyte Transmigration in Atherosclerosis" Biomedicines 9, no. 4: 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040328