Translational Insights and New Therapeutic Perspectives in Head and Neck Tumors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Past and Present: Targeting EGFR
2.1. EGFR mAb
2.2. EGFR TKIs
3. The Present and Future: Immunotherapy
3.1. Check-Point Inhibitors (ICIs)
3.2. CTLA-4
3.3. Programmed Death-1 (PD-1/PDL-1)
4. Immunotherapy Biomarkers
4.1. TMB
4.2. Microsatellite Instability
4.3. New Immunotherapy Biomarkers and Targets
5. What Is New for the Future: IO Combinations
5.1. Clinically Relevant Molecular Alterations in HNSCC
5.2. PARP (Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerases)
5.3. DNA-PK (DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase, Catalytic Subunit)
5.4. ATM/ATR
5.5. CHK1/2
5.6. WEE1
5.7. PI3K
5.8. CDK
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drug | Category | Status |
---|---|---|
Cetuximab | Targeted Therapy (anti-EGFR) | APPROVED |
Panitumumab | Targeted Therapy (anti-EGFR) | experimental |
Losatuxizumab vedotin | Targeted Therapy (anti-EGFR) | experimental |
Erlotinib | Targeted Therapy (anti-EGFR) | experimental |
Gefitinib | Targeted Therapy (anti-EGFR) | experimental |
Afatinib | Targeted Therapy (anti-EGFR) | experimental |
Nivolumab | Immunotherapy (anti PD-1) | APPROVED |
Ipilimumab | Immunotherapy (anti CTLA-4) | experimental |
Pembrolizumab | Immunotherapy (anti PD-1) | APPROVED |
Atezolizumab | Immunotherapy (anti PD-L1) | experimental |
Monalizumab | Immunotherapy (anti-NKG2) | experimental |
Palbociclib | Targeted Therapy (anti-CDK 4/6) | experimental |
Trametinib | Targeted Therapy (anti-Mek) | experimental |
PARP-inhibitors | Targeted Therapy (anti-PARP) | experimental |
AZD6738 | Targeted Therapy (anti-ATR) | experimental |
Prexasertib | Targeted Therapy (anti-CHK1/2) | experimental |
Adavosertib | Targeted Therapy (anti-WEE1) | experimental |
Buparlisib | Targeted Therapy (anti-PI3K) | experimental |
Epacadostat | Immunotherapy (anti-IDO1) | experimental |
GSK3359609 | Immunotherapy (ICOS agonist) | experimental |
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Fasano, M.; Perri, F.; Della Corte, C.M.; Di Liello, R.; Della Vittoria Scarpati, G.; Cascella, M.; Ottaiano, A.; Ciardiello, F.; Solla, R. Translational Insights and New Therapeutic Perspectives in Head and Neck Tumors. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081045
Fasano M, Perri F, Della Corte CM, Di Liello R, Della Vittoria Scarpati G, Cascella M, Ottaiano A, Ciardiello F, Solla R. Translational Insights and New Therapeutic Perspectives in Head and Neck Tumors. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(8):1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081045
Chicago/Turabian StyleFasano, Morena, Francesco Perri, Carminia Maria Della Corte, Raimondo Di Liello, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Marco Cascella, Alessandro Ottaiano, Fortunato Ciardiello, and Raffaele Solla. 2021. "Translational Insights and New Therapeutic Perspectives in Head and Neck Tumors" Biomedicines 9, no. 8: 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081045