Endothelial Cell Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein: A Crosstalk between Endothelium and Innate Immune Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. RT-qPCR Analysis
2.3. Cytokine Analysis
2.4. Western Blot Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Materials
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene/Protein Name (Gene ID) | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|
RPL15/RPL15 (6138) | Hs03855120_g1 (TaqMan® Assay, Thermo Fisher Scientific) | |
ACE2/ACE2 (59272) | ACAGTCCACACTTGCCCAAAT | TGAGAGCACTGAAGACCCATT |
NRP1/NRP1 (8829) | ACCCAAGTGAAAAATGCGAATG | CCTCCAAATCGAAGTGAGGGTT |
NRP2/NRP2 (8828) | GCTGGCTATATCACCTCTCCC | TCTCGATTTCAAAGTGAGGGTTG |
IL1B/IL-1β (3553) | Hs99999029_m1 (TaqMan® Assay, Thermo Fisher Scientific) | |
IL6/IL-6 [27] (3569) | AACCTGAACCTTCCAAAGATGG | TCTGGCTTGTTCCTCACTACT |
CXCL8/IL-8 [27] (3576) | ACTGAGAGTGATTGAGAGTGGAC | AACCCTCTGCACCCAGTTTTC |
CXCL10/IP-10 (3627) | GTGGCATTCAAGGAGTACCTC | TGATGGCCTTCGATTCTGGATT |
CCL2/MCP1 [28] (6347) | CAGCCAGATGCAATCAATGCC | TGGAATCCTGAACCCACTTCT |
TNFA/TNFα [28] (7124) | ATGAGCACTGAAAGCATGATCC | GAGGGCTGATTAGAGAGAGGTC |
ICAM1/ICAM-1 (3383) | TGAACCCCACAGTCACCTATG | CTCGTCCTCTGCGGTCAC |
VCAM1/VCAM-1 (7412) | GGGAAGATGGTCGTGATCCTT | TCTGGGGTGGTCTCGATTTTA |
PECAM1/CD31 (5175) | GCTGACCCTTCTGCTCTGTT | ATCTGGTGCTGAGGCTTGAC |
THBD/THBD (7056) | ACCTTCCTCAATGCCAGTCA | AAGGAAATGACATCGGCAGC |
F3/TF (2152) | GGCGCTTCAGGCACTACAA | TTGATTGACGGGTTTGGGTTC |
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Rotoli, B.M.; Barilli, A.; Visigalli, R.; Ferrari, F.; Dall’Asta, V. Endothelial Cell Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein: A Crosstalk between Endothelium and Innate Immune Cells. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091220
Rotoli BM, Barilli A, Visigalli R, Ferrari F, Dall’Asta V. Endothelial Cell Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein: A Crosstalk between Endothelium and Innate Immune Cells. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(9):1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091220
Chicago/Turabian StyleRotoli, Bianca Maria, Amelia Barilli, Rossana Visigalli, Francesca Ferrari, and Valeria Dall’Asta. 2021. "Endothelial Cell Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein: A Crosstalk between Endothelium and Innate Immune Cells" Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091220