Children, Volume 12, Issue 10

Objective: This randomized controlled trial evaluated postoperative pain (PP), bioceramic extrusion, and procedure duration in necrotic immature incisors treated with three apical barrier methods (ABMs): Bioceramic Putty Apical Plug (BPAP), Single Co...

Background/Objectives: Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) is a rare but catastrophic event affecting apparently healthy neonates during the first days of life. Therapeutic hypothermia has been increasingly applied in this setting due to path...

Objective: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common condition observed in neonates. Since its management often requires intensive care and leads to maternal–infant separation, it is a major source of parental concern. The present st...

Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative outcomes in children, including emotional and behavioral problems, developmental delays, and higher risk for psychopathology. Most research focuses on school-aged children or commun...

Background/Objectives: Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), or IgA vasculitis, is the most common small-vessel vasculitis in children, yet Indian cohort data remain limited. We aimed to describe the clinical profile, renal involvement, treatmen...

Background: Zirconia crowns (ZCs) are increasingly used in pediatric dentistry for their esthetic advantages, but evidence regarding their long-term outcomes compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) is limited. Methods: This retrospective cohort s...

Background/Objectives: Acute leukemias (AL) in children under 1-year-old are combined under the term “infant leukemia” and are a very rare malignancies, accounting for up to 5% of all childhood AL cases. The predominance of unfavorable cl...

Background: Prefabricated functional appliances (PFAs) are widely used for interceptive orthodontic treatment in children, delivering intermittent forces with potential advantages for oral function. This study evaluated the effects of PFA treatment o...

Background/Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture in pre-, circa- and post-peak height velocity (PHV) female volleyball athletes. Methods: Muscle architecture (fascicl...

Background/Objectives: Self-perceptions in childhood shape motivation, behavior, and well-being; however, their relationship to motor competence and physical fitness remains unclear. We tested whether physical fitness mediates the association between...

Objectives: To develop a proof-of-concept machine learning (ML) neural network model to predict post-operative visual outcomes in children with congenital cataracts undergoing intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, thereby guiding the optimal timing fo...

Background: Child stunting and wasting persist at alarmingly high rates in Mozambique, yet little is known about whether the improved sources of water and sanitation affect these outcomes differently. This study aims to disentangle the distinct contr...

Background/Objectives: Orthopaedic surgery is often recommended for children with cerebral palsy (CP) across all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. Despite this, little is known about the experience of parents during their chi...

Preeclampsia (PE) is a vascular-related pregnancy disorder characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation. Defective placentation, together with endothelial dysfunction, has a crucial role in the development of P...

Background: The nurse-initiated administration of medications, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, at the time of triage may provide the opportunity to treat pediatric patients more quickly. We aimed to create practical flowcharts that can be used by...

Backgrounds/Objectives: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the leading reason antibiotics are prescribed to children. Despite guidelines advocating for watchful waiting and shorter antibiotic durations, overprescribing remains a concern. This meta-analysis...

Background/Objectives: The medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is initially masked by a fat pad that makes the foot appear flat. In preschool age, this fat pad resorbs, and the arch becomes more defined. The exact age at which the arch attains its final f...

Background: Movement is crucial for human development, particularly during childhood. Fundamental movement skills (FMSs) are essential movement patterns that support physical, cognitive, and social development. Recent studies indicate an alarming wor...

Background: Early childhood is crucial for motor and cognitive development, with physical activity playing a key role. Mini-trampoline exercises may offer an effective approach to enhance these domains. Methods: This study assessed the effects of a m...

Background: Both-bone forearm fractures (BBFF) are among the most common pediatric injuries. While most cases in younger children can be managed non-operatively, older children and adolescents exhibit less predictable remodeling and longer healing ti...

Background/Objectives: Pediatric postoperative pulmonary complication is a major event associated with increased in-hospital morbidity and mortality. However, data is limited regarding the specific timing and spectrum of postoperative pulmonary compl...

Background: Childhood and adolescence are increasingly recognized as life stages that pose specific challenges for treating and promoting mental health and cognitive development. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the pote...

Background/Objectives: Electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly used in pediatric anesthesia to detect abnormal brain activity such as burst suppression (BS), a marker of profound cortical inactivation. The objective of this study was to assess a...

Background: Despite the widespread implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination, some children fail to develop protective immunity. Thus, identifying markers for vaccine unresponsiveness is crucial for optimizing current strategies. As interleukin-12 (I...

Background: Dental caries, periodontal disease, and malocclusion are common childhood oral diseases strongly influenced by lifestyle factors, including sleep, exercise, and media use. In Korea, the prevalence of dental caries among elementary school...

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease during childhood. Spirometry is recommended as a reliable lung function test. Several studies have demonstrated the lack of use of spirometry for both diagnostic confirmation and monitoring. Using...

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of screen time on the incidence of sleep bruxism in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The parents of 266 children, aged 3–14 years, participated in the present study. They...

Background: Current research is paying more attention to neurological outcomes and quality of life after life-threatening events. Children with heart disease are particularly vulnerable, especially after resuscitation events. While newer data show th...

Background/Objectives: Parenting a child with a chronic illness such as cancer presents distinct psychological challenges that often disrupt normative parenting patterns. Parents frequently struggle to maintain boundaries in response to their child&r...

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach. The World Health Organization recognizes the therapeutic value of expressive arts, including drama, in enhancing emotional, cognitive, and...

Background/Objectives: Conventional curettage adenoidectomy is widely performed but may leave residual tissue in anatomically hidden nasopharyngeal areas. We evaluated the impact of age and revision status on residual adenoidal tissue after conventio...

Background: Pediatric odontogenic infections pose significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between cellulitis and abscess. Accurate differentiation is crucial for guiding appropriate management—antibiotics alone for cel...

Childhood obesity has assumed epidemic proportions; it results from a complex interplay of genetic, physiological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. It is associated with numerous short- and long-term health complications, including cardiomet...

Background: The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) serves as a non-invasive proxy for prenatal androgen exposure. While its relationship with adult athletic ability is well documented, evidence for its association with childhood physical fitness re...

Introduction: Juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) is a rare autoimmune disorder with a variable clinical course and limited pediatric-specific treatment guidelines. Objective clinical scales, such as the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) Score and th...

Objectives: The systematic increase in the number of overweight and obese people in recent years has led to the recognition of this condition as a chronic, non-infectious disease of civilization, declared a global epidemic by WHO in 1997. This phenom...

Background/Objectives: Overweight and obesity during pregnancy are metabolic risk factors that may compromise offspring brain development. The first 1000 days of life represent a critical window in which neurodevelopmental trajectories are shaped by...

Background/Objective: Children with ASD are particularly vulnerable to bullying, which may exacerbate mental health issues. This study aims to explore the intricate relationships between bullying, social communication challenges, and the emergence of...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has exploded in public awareness over recent years and is already beginning to reshape the health care sector. Yet, even as AI becomes more prevalent, it remains a mystery to many providers who lack hands-on exposure duri...

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2, often with cardiac involvement. Myocardial strain imaging may detect dysfunction missed by conventional echocardiography. The ob...

Background/Objectives: Functional cognition, integrating cognitive abilities during real-life task performance, is essential for understanding daily functioning in children and adolescents. Traditional paper-based cognitive assessments in controlled...

Background: Dental anxiety is a common challenge in paediatric dentistry, often leading to avoidance of treatment and compromised oral health. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy have gained increasing attention as safe and cost-e...

Background/Objectives: Increased screen time partially replaces social interaction, physical activity, and outdoor play in kindergarten children, leading to a risk of decreased cognitive, emotional, and motor skills. Children with high motor skills a...

Introduction: Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men. Studies show that general awareness among the risk group is low, and anticipatory guidance is of paramount importance for early detection. We queried pediatricians and pediatric...

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy often associated with autonomic dysfunction. Although transient cardiovascular instability is common, severe dysautonomia leading to cardiac arrest is rarely...

Background/Objectives: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe muscle weakness and atrophy. Advances in disease-modifying therapies have dramatically changed the natural history of SMA and the outc...

Children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are at high risk for respiratory complications due to impaired cough and weakness of respiratory muscles. Effective cough is essential for airway clearance, infections’ prevention, and maintaining lu...

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects not only children but also their families. Mothers, as primary caregivers, frequently experience high stress and reduced well-being. This scoping review mapped recent literature (201...

Background: Engaging in physical activity (PA) is especially significant for adolescents, as this is a key developmental stage for establishing lifelong habits. While the physical, mental, and cognitive health benefits of PA are well-documented, less...

Background/Objectives: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is commonly applied to manage refractory intracranial hypertension in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, its role and benefits in pediatric populations remain uncertain. Clarifying whet...