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Volume 10
Issue 3
10.3390/pr10030472
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Review

Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

by
Iulia Gabriela David
1,*,
Mihaela Buleandra
1,
Dana Elena Popa
1,
Mihaela Carmen Cheregi
1,
Vasile David
1,
Emilia Elena Iorgulescu
1,* and
Georgiana Oana Tartareanu
2
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
2
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu Street 1-7, District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2022, 10(3), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030472
Submission received: 10 February 2022 / Revised: 20 February 2022 / Accepted: 24 February 2022 / Published: 26 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Electrochemical Bioassays)
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Abstract

The even growing production of both well-known and new derivatives with pharmaceutical action involves the need for developing facile and reliable methods for the analysis of these compounds. Among the widely used instrumental techniques, the electrochemical ones are probably the simplest and the most rapid, also having good performance characteristics. However, the key tool in electroanalysis is the working electrode. Due to the inherent electrochemical and economic advantages of the pencil graphite electrode (PGE), the interest in its applicability in the analysis of different analytes has continuously increased in recent years. Thus, this paper aims to review the scientific reports published in the last 10 years on the use of the disposable eco- and user-friendly PGEs in the electroanalysis of compounds of pharmaceutical importance in different matrices. The PGE characteristics and designs (bare or modified with various types of materials), along with their applications and performance parameters (e.g., linear range, limit of detection, and reproducibility), will be discussed, and their advantages and limitations will be critically emphasized.
Keywords: voltammetry; pencil graphite electrode; pharmaceuticals voltammetry; pencil graphite electrode; pharmaceuticals

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MDPI and ACS Style

David, I.G.; Buleandra, M.; Popa, D.E.; Cheregi, M.C.; David, V.; Iorgulescu, E.E.; Tartareanu, G.O. Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes. Processes 2022, 10, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030472

AMA Style

David IG, Buleandra M, Popa DE, Cheregi MC, David V, Iorgulescu EE, Tartareanu GO. Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes. Processes. 2022; 10(3):472. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030472

Chicago/Turabian Style

David, Iulia Gabriela, Mihaela Buleandra, Dana Elena Popa, Mihaela Carmen Cheregi, Vasile David, Emilia Elena Iorgulescu, and Georgiana Oana Tartareanu. 2022. "Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes" Processes 10, no. 3: 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030472

APA Style

David, I. G., Buleandra, M., Popa, D. E., Cheregi, M. C., David, V., Iorgulescu, E. E., & Tartareanu, G. O. (2022). Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes. Processes, 10(3), 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030472

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