From Pollution to Green and Low-Carbon Island Revitalization: Implications of Exhibition-Driven Sustainable Tourism (Triennale) for SDG 8.9 in Setouchi

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The manuscript carried out an empirical analysis of the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism with SDGs 8.9 in several islands. The authors monitored tourists, income, and population in Kagawa by means of different statistical methods. The authors well investigated the issue and proposed a detailed and interesting analysis. The collected numerical data are presented and well discussed.

Further comments:

The Introduction section needs to be more detailed. Please be careful of the Figures citation in the text: “error reference source not found” is always present in the manuscript.

I suggest to implent this manuscript a paragraph in Introduction t:

Alberti, Angelotti, Antelmi, La Licata, Borehole Heat Exchangers in aquifers: simulation of the grout material impact, X Convegno dei Giovani Ricercatori di Geologia Applicata 2016, Università di Bologna, 2016, Rendiconti Online Società Geologica Italiana, Vol. 41 (2016), pp. 268-271, doi: 10.3301/ROL.2016.145

Please describe what SDGs is.

Use the format text and bullet points suggested by the authors guideline.

Table 1 format is wrong.

Please improve the quality of each figure because they can not be read well.

The methodology chapter is too long and descriptive: please summarize it and focus on the main issues able to discuss the achieved results.

Please describe better the boundary and external conditions of the algorithm approach.

Discussion paragraph need to be more detailed: please highlight the innovation of this approach and for which stakeholder could be useful, please also discuss future developments. A quantitative analyses summarizing the conclusion is helpful for the reade

Author Response

The manuscript carried out an empirical analysis of the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism with SDGs 8.9 in several islands. The authors monitored tourists, income, and population in Kagawa by means of different statistical methods. The authors well investigated the issue and proposed a detailed and interesting analysis. The collected numerical data are presented and well discussed.

Dear Reviewer,

Hope all is well.
We are very grateful for your comments about the manuscript. According to your advice, we amended the relevant parts of the manuscript. All revisions to the manuscript have been revised in the manuscript. After these revisions (your professional and excellent comments), the quality of this article has been dramatically improved. Thank you very much again.

Further comments:
The Introduction section needs to be more detailed. Please be careful of the Figures citation in the text: “error reference source not found” is always present in the manuscript.
I suggest to implent this manuscript a paragraph in Introduction t:
Alberti, Angelotti, Antelmi, La Licata, Borehole Heat Exchangers in aquifers: simulation of the grout material impact, X Convegno dei Giovani Ricercatori di Geologia Applicata 2016, Università di Bologna, 2016, Rendiconti Online Società Geologica Italiana, Vol. 41 (2016), pp. 268-271, doi: 10.3301/ROL.2016.145
1    Response:
Thank you very much for the comments about the details. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the manuscript. Your comments also helped us improve the quality of the manuscript. We revised the “error reference source not found”. And we also added the reference.
We revised the “Introduction” as follows:
From the late 1940s, Japan's industry was mainly concentrated in the Pacific Rim. The Setouchi Sea areas with its islands (where the research object of this article is located) were one of the main pollution areas. In 2004 and 2005, there was also including red tide in these areas. And these islands are experiencing severe population shrinkage (worse than cities)[1]. The "Setouchi Triennale", held every three years since 2010, brings together the masterpieces of contemporary masters at home and abroad. Triennale is a proper noun that means the exhibition is held every three years. The "Setouchi Triennale", held every three years since 2010, brings new sustainable opportunities to these shrinking islands.
Sustainability became the primary focus for researchers, tourism policymakers, and destination marketing organizations [2]. And sustainable development also has been made one of the main targets of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) ( tourism with its economic and social responsibility) [3]. The No. 8.9 of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is “By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”. Therefore, this paper attempts to dig into the population "rising tide" evaluation models with the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism on promoting local SDGs.
However, some papers show that tourism is less sustainable (e.g., negative reactions to tourism growth in Venice Biennale, which is one of the most extensive Triennale-driven tourism)[4][5]. However, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) became a key to the sustainability of the entire tourism industry[3]. Multiple empirical methods with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are an attempt to resolve this "replication crisis". Descriptive statistics are more vivid. However, if a study needs evidence to show that there is an influence or relationship between variables rather than just describing the entire sample, then inferential statistics are required [6]. Descriptive statistical and inferential statistics are both critical [7][8]. 
As one of the SDGs responsible study, quantitative empirical analysis of Triennale-driven (unlike traditional conferences & exhibitions or festivals) tourism is a new attempt at the SDGs. After the economic recession in the 1990s, more than 120 art exhibitions aimed at revitalizing these areas through art and local resources (attracting tourists) began appearing throughout the Japanese territory. Thus, the case of Setouchi Triennale (ST) in Kagawa was selected for the empirical analysis. Kagawa is one of the essential art exhibition hosting areas in Japan. Figure 1 shows the logical framework. The purpose was based on SDGs No. 8.9: creating jobs and promoting local products by devising and implementing policies (e.g., Triennale-driven tourism: ST) to promote sustainable tourism. The panel data was selected from the statistical yearbook and county survey of Kagawa (1997-2019): tourist number (TN), industries income (II)&Total/ tertiary industry/ per capita income (TI, TII, PCI), labour population (LP)& total labour population (TLP). The current paper used multiple methods with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (simple linear regression (SLR) and one-way ANOVA).

 

Please describe what SDGs is.
2    Response:
Thank you very much for the comments about this issue. It enables us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. We revised it as follows:
One line 95:
Some previous papers focused on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with different contexts. Sustainable tourism means visiting places without or with less damage and positively impacting the environment, health, the economy, and technological methods. Akuraju et al. [9] studied the relationships between SDG11 indicators between city populations and countries. Lee [10] showed the concept of a “sustainable tourism destination”. Gonzalez-Garcia et al. [11] studied sustainability with indicators of socioeconomic and environment. Estêvão et al. [12] also used the sustainable tourism socio-technical approach.
On the contrary, some papers show that tourism is less sustainable than expected. Hall [4] provided an anti-institutional perspective on sustainable tourism and development goals. Rutty et al.[5] found that there was less emphasis on the social and environmental impacts than the positive economic impacts. Ahmad et al. [13] studied the correlations between lower-middle-income economies and tourism. However, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) attached to sustainable tourism and its economic significance, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become the focus of tourism's contribution to sustainable development and the entire tourism industry [14][15]. Although achieving this goal is still controversial, empirical analysis for sustainable tourism needs more positive samples.

Use the format text and bullet points suggested by the authors guideline.
3    Response:
Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the expressions. And apologies for the mistake.
We revised it all over the manuscript.

Table 1 format is wrong.
4    Response:
Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the expressions. And apologies for the mistake.
We revised it in Table 1.

Please improve the quality of each figure because they can not be read well.
5    Response:
Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the expressions. And apologies for the mistake.
We revised all figures.

The methodology chapter is too long and descriptive: please summarize it and focus on the main issues able to discuss the achieved results.
Please describe better the boundary and external conditions of the algorithm approach.
6    Response:
I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Your comment, “The methodology chapter is too long and descriptive: please summarize it and focus on the main issues able to discuss the achieved results.” And “Please describe better the boundary and external conditions of the algorithm approach.” These are both excellent suggestions that would help us greatly. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the methodology part of our manuscript. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal. 
We revised these issues. 
One line 216:
The current paper used descriptive combined with inferential statistics to study the relationship between the exhibition and tourism impacts. Descriptive statistics is a term for data analysis. It helps to express and summarize preliminary images. Inferential statistics is to obtain data from the sample and infer the population and its characteristics from the example. This paper uses inferential statistics to combine Correlation, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA [47]. Descriptive statistics select a group to be described and then describe it completely. For inferential statistics, the population defines and then designs a representative sample. Then the quantitative analysis of the model represents the overall characteristics. Descriptive statistical information expresses the essential characteristics of the data, such as frequency changes. Then use inferential statistics to summarize features that are beyond the scope of existing data. 
Panel data contains observations of multiple phenomena obtained by the objects over multiple periods [48][49]. Naudé and Saayman [50] identified five main areas for empirical tourism research. Panel data was used to analyze the impact of tourism on the economy in many studies [51]. Di Lascio et al. [52] used panel data to study the relationship between cultural tourism and art exhibitions. The current study collected data based on tourist numbers and total/ tertiary industry/ per capita income. Table 1 and 2 shows that: (1) categorical data included the year before the hosting of the exhibition (hereafter NO); (2) the hosting year of the ST (hereafter Y); (3) the years between the hosting of the ST (hereafter B). 
Descriptive statistics (DS) can be used for data analysis visually and easily to understand [53][54]. Shentema et al. [55] used DS and Pearson regression for their statistical calculations. Some scholars studied the relationship between tourism and sustainability by DS [56][57]. Others studied the relationship between economics and tourism by DS [58][57]. Research using descriptive statistics is more vivid. However, if a study needs evidence to show that there is an influence or relationship between variables rather than just describing the entire sample, then inferential statistics are required [6].
Some previous analyses used correlation, simple linear regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA to analyze the inferential statistics [6][59]. The One-way ANOVA: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups [60]. ANOVA compares the means between related groups and determines whether these means are statistically significantly different from each other [62]. In other words, inferential statistics allows accurate further inferences to be drawn from the data and used as samples in similar situations [7].

Discussion paragraph need to be more detailed: please highlight the innovation of this approach and for which stakeholder could be useful, please also discuss future developments. A quantitative analyses summarizing the conclusion is helpful for the reader.

7    Response:
Thank you very much for the comments. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in our manuscript's “Discussion” part. Your comments also helped us improve the quality of the manuscript.
We revised these issues. 
One line 377:
6. Discussion and Conclusion
An event may significantly increase local economic activity. Still, the net impact within the neighboring areas and cities may be more significant than the local (hosting areas) impact (e.g., the big/national effect often exceeds the small/state effect), And the impact on the local /hosting areas even maybe negative [35]. Therefore, the local economic activity will also change the local population.
6.1. Implications for Theory
Matjaž [70] claimed that "a healthy society depends on individuals keeping in mind the broader picture, hence deciding to act for the common good." The target of SDG 8.9 is promoting "direct tourism GDP" and "number of jobs in tourism industries" by devising and implementing policies (e.g., Triennale-driven tourism) for sustainable tourism. Triennale-driven tourism (unlike just traditional festivals or conferences & exhibitions) is an essential component of sustainable tourism, and city revitalization lasted for almost 20 years in Japan. Previous research on its impact was limited (especially the lack of a comprehensive study of SDGs with local economic and population change. 
The current paper attempts to empirical analysis the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism with SDG 8.9 in these islands. The panel data of tourists, income, and population in Kagawa was monitored by multiple methods with descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA and simple linear regression (SLR)). It is an attempt sample (for similar areas in and out of Japan) to devise and implement policies for sustainable tourism SDGs. It attempts to "connect academic and practitioner worlds" with art exhibition creation tourism [71]. Thus, the present findings offer meaningful implications in both academia and industry.
6.2. Implications for Practitioners and Policy Makers
The current paper shows the positive impacts of exhibition-driven tourism using quantitative analysis. The changes in the world have exceeded our expectations. Therefore, a new evaluation of exhibition-driven tourism must be established. Although this process may be controversial, this study adds to our knowledge regarding the exhibition-driven tourism impacts on the tourism industry. This paper's findings will help guide operators/practitioners in the tourism industry to obtain market research support aimed at improvement measures. Moreover, these findings also play a policy support role for governmental or non-governmental policymakers in the tourism industry.
6.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
The factors affecting the economy and population are very complex. Therefore, the current study has certain limitations. For example, we only conducted empirical research on two art events from three perspectives in this study. The scope must be expanded in further investigations. Moreover, similar and different impacts related to rural arts events and urban arts event tourism are essential research directions for the future with sustainable development goals in mind.

 

Thank you for reviewing the manuscript again. I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

1.    The manuscript was not carefully prepared. There are too many editorial errors, citations, and editorial errors.

2.   The duplication rate of manuscript content is too large, accounting for 40%.

3.  The manuscript's structure is not as good as the scientific article.

 

4.  The used methodology and the study results are not highlighted.

Comments for author File: Comments.pdf

Author Response

Dear Reviewer,
Hope all is well.
We are very grateful for your comments about the manuscript. According to your advice, we amended the relevant parts of the manuscript. All revisions to the manuscript have been revised in the manuscript. After these revisions (your professional and excellent comments), the quality of this article has been dramatically improved. Thank you very much again.

1.    The manuscript was not carefully prepared. There are too many editorial errors, citations, and editorial errors. 
   1    Response:
   Thank you very much for the comments about this issue. It enables us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.
   We revised it all over the manuscript.
2.   The duplication rate of manuscript content is too large, accounting for 40%.
   2    Response:
   Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the expressions. And apologies for the mistake. After these revisions (your professional and excellent comments), the quality of this article has been dramatically improved. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the manuscript. Thank you very much again. 
   We revised it all over the manuscript.
3.  The manuscript's structure is not as good as the scientific article.
   3    Response:
   Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the structure. And apologies for the mistake. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the manuscript. Your comments also helped us improve the quality of the manuscript.
   We revised it all over the manuscript.
4.  The used methodology and the study results are not highlighted.
   4    Response:
   I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Your comment, “I The methodology chapter is too long and descriptive: please summarize it and focus on the main issues able to discuss the achieved results.” And “Please describe better the boundary and external conditions of the algorithm approach.” These are both excellent suggestions that would help us greatly. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the methodology part of our manuscript. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal. 
   We revised these issues. 
   One line 216:
   The current paper used descriptive combined with inferential statistics to study the relationship between the exhibition and tourism impacts. Descriptive statistics is a term for data analysis. It helps to express and summarize preliminary images. Inferential statistics is to obtain data from the sample and infer the population and its characteristics from the example. This paper uses inferential statistics to combine Correlation, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA [47]. Descriptive statistics select a group to be described and then describe it completely. For inferential statistics, the population defines and then designs a representative sample. Then the quantitative analysis of the model represents the overall characteristics. Descriptive statistical information expresses the essential characteristics of the data, such as frequency changes. Then use inferential statistics to summarize features that are beyond the scope of existing data. 
   Panel data contains observations of multiple phenomena obtained by the objects over multiple periods [48][49]. Naudé and Saayman [50] identified five main areas for empirical tourism research. Panel data was used to analyze the impact of tourism on the economy in many studies [51]. Di Lascio et al. [52] used panel data to study the relationship between cultural tourism and art exhibitions. The current study collected data based on tourist numbers and total/ tertiary industry/ per capita income. Table 1 and 2 shows that: (1) categorical data included the year before the hosting of the exhibition (hereafter NO); (2) the hosting year of the ST (hereafter Y); (3) the years between the hosting of the ST (hereafter B). 
   Descriptive statistics (DS) can be used for data analysis visually and easily to understand [53][54]. Shentema et al. [55] used DS and Pearson regression for their statistical calculations. Some scholars studied the relationship between tourism and sustainability by DS [56][57]. Others studied the relationship between economics and tourism by DS [58][57]. Research using descriptive statistics is more vivid. However, if a study needs evidence to show that there is an influence or relationship between variables rather than just describing the entire sample, then inferential statistics are required [6].
   Some previous analyses used correlation, simple linear regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA to analyze the inferential statistics [6][59]. The One-way ANOVA: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups [60]. ANOVA compares the means between related groups and determines whether these means are statistically significantly different from each other [62]. In other words, inferential statistics allows accurate further inferences to be drawn from the data and used as samples in similar situations [7].

Thank you very much for the comments. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in our manuscript's “Discussion” part. Your comments also helped us improve the quality of the manuscript.
We revised these issues. 
One line 377:
6. Discussion and Conclusion
An event may significantly increase local economic activity. Still, the net impact within the neighboring areas and cities may be more significant than the local (hosting areas) impact (e.g., the big/national effect often exceeds the small/state effect), And the impact on the local /hosting areas even maybe negative [35]. Therefore, the local economic activity will also change the local population.
6.1. Implications for Theory
Matjaž [70] claimed that "a healthy society depends on individuals keeping in mind the broader picture, hence deciding to act for the common good." The target of SDG 8.9 is promoting "direct tourism GDP" and "number of jobs in tourism industries" by devising and implementing policies (e.g., Triennale-driven tourism) for sustainable tourism. Triennale-driven tourism (unlike just traditional festivals or conferences & exhibitions) is an essential component of sustainable tourism, and city revitalization lasted for almost 20 years in Japan. Previous research on its impact was limited (especially the lack of a comprehensive study of SDGs with local economic and population change. 
The current paper attempts to empirical analysis the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism with SDG 8.9 in these islands. The panel data of tourists, income, and population in Kagawa was monitored by multiple methods with descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA and simple linear regression (SLR)). It is an attempt sample (for similar areas in and out of Japan) to devise and implement policies for sustainable tourism SDGs. It attempts to "connect academic and practitioner worlds" with art exhibition creation tourism [71]. Thus, the present findings offer meaningful implications in both academia and industry.
6.2. Implications for Practitioners and Policy Makers
The current paper shows the positive impacts of exhibition-driven tourism using quantitative analysis. The changes in the world have exceeded our expectations. Therefore, a new evaluation of exhibition-driven tourism must be established. Although this process may be controversial, this study adds to our knowledge regarding the exhibition-driven tourism impacts on the tourism industry. This paper's findings will help guide operators/practitioners in the tourism industry to obtain market research support aimed at improvement measures. Moreover, these findings also play a policy support role for governmental or non-governmental policymakers in the tourism industry.
6.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
It is well known that the factors affecting the economy and population are very complex. Therefore, the current study has certain limitations. For example, we only conducted empirical research on two art events from three perspectives in this study. The scope must be expanded in further investigations. Moreover, similar and different impacts related to rural arts events and urban arts event tourism are essential research directions for the future with sustainable development goals in mind.

 

Thank you for reviewing the manuscript. I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.

 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

The topic is interesting, but the article does not meet the standards for publication in a high-ranking scientific journal. The scientific discourse needs to be improved.

Author Response

The topic is interesting, but the article does not meet the standards for publication in a high-ranking scientific journal. The scientific discourse needs to be improved. 

Dear Reviewer,

Hope all is well.
We are very grateful for your comments about the manuscript. According to your advice, we amended the relevant parts of the manuscript. All revisions to the manuscript have been revised in the manuscript. After these revisions (your professional and excellent comments), the quality of this article has been dramatically improved. Thank you very much again.

We checked and revised it all over the manuscript.
For example:
1    We revised the “Introduction” as follows:
From the late 1940s, Japan's industry was mainly concentrated in the Pacific Rim. The Setouchi Sea areas with its islands (where the research object of this article is located) were one of the main pollution areas. In 2004 and 2005, there was also including red tide in these areas. And these islands are experiencing severe population shrinkage (worse than cities)[1]. The "Setouchi Triennale," held every three years since 2010, brings together the masterpieces of contemporary masters at home and abroad. Triennale is a proper noun that means the exhibition is held every three years. The "Setouchi Triennale," held every three years since 2010, brings new sustainable opportunities to these shrinking islands.
Sustainability became the primary focus for researchers, tourism policymakers, and destination marketing organizations [2]. And sustainable development also has been made one of the main targets of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) ( tourism with its economic and social responsibility) [3]. The No. 8.9 of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is “By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”. Therefore, this paper attempts to dig into the population "rising tide" evaluation models with the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism on promoting local SDGs.
However, some papers show that tourism is less sustainable (e.g., negative reactions to tourism growth in Venice Biennale, which is one of the most extensive Triennale-driven tourism)[4][5]. However, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) became a key to the sustainability of the entire tourism industry[3]. Multiple empirical methods with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are an attempt to resolve this "replication crisis". Descriptive statistics are more vivid. However, if a study needs evidence to show that there is an influence or relationship between variables rather than just describing the entire sample, then inferential statistics are required [6]. Descriptive statistical and inferential statistics are both critical [7][8]. 
As an SDGs-responsible study, quantitative empirical analysis of Triennale-driven (unlike traditional conferences & exhibitions or festivals) tourism is a new attempt at the SDGs. After the economic recession in the 1990s, more than 120 art exhibitions aimed at revitalizing these areas through art and local resources (attracting tourists) began appearing throughout the Japanese territory. Thus, the case of Setouchi Triennale (ST) in Kagawa was selected for the empirical analysis. Kagawa is one of the essential art 0exhibition hosting areas in Japan. Figure 1 shows the logical framework. The purpose was based on SDGs No. 8.9: creating jobs and promoting local products by devising and implementing policies (e.g., Triennale-driven tourism: ST) to promote sustainable tourism. The panel data was selected from the statistical yearbook and county survey of Kagawa (1997-2019): tourist number (TN), industries income (II)&Total/ tertiary industry/ per capita income (TI, TII, PCI), labour population (LP)& total labour population (TLP). The current paper used multiple methods with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (simple linear regression (SLR) and one-way ANOVA).

2    We revised the “Methodology” as follows:
The current paper used descriptive combined with inferential statistics to study the relationship between the exhibition and tourism impacts. Descriptive statistics is a term for data analysis. It helps to express and summarize preliminary images. Inferential statistics is to obtain data from the sample and infer the population and its characteristics from the example. This paper uses inferential statistics to combine Correlation, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA [47]. Descriptive statistics select a group to be described and then describe it completely. For inferential statistics, the population defines and then designs a representative sample. Then the quantitative analysis of the model represents the overall characteristics. Descriptive statistical information expresses the essential characteristics of the data, such as frequency changes. Then use inferential statistics to summarize features that are beyond the scope of existing data. 
Panel data contains observations of multiple phenomena obtained by the objects over multiple periods [48][49]. Naudé and Saayman [50] identified five main areas for empirical tourism research. Panel data was used to analyze the impact of tourism on the economy in many studies [51]. Di Lascio et al. [52] used panel data to study the relationship between cultural tourism and art exhibitions. The current study collected data based on tourist numbers and total/ tertiary industry/ per capita income. Table 1 and 2 shows that: (1) categorical data included the year before the hosting of the exhibition (hereafter NO); (2) the hosting year of the ST (hereafter Y); (3) the years between the hosting of the ST (hereafter B). 
Descriptive statistics (DS) can be used for data analysis visually and easily to understand [53][54]. Shentema et al. [55] used DS and Pearson regression for their statistical calculations. Some scholars studied the relationship between tourism and sustainability by DS [56][57]. Others studied the relationship between economics and tourism by DS [58][57]. Research using descriptive statistics is more vivid. However, if a study needs evidence to show that there is an influence or relationship between variables rather than just describing the entire sample, then inferential statistics are required [6].
Some previous analyses used correlation, simple linear regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA to analyze the inferential statistics [6][59]. The One-way ANOVA: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups [60]. ANOVA compares the means between related groups and determines whether these means are statistically significantly different from each other [62]. In other words, inferential statistics allows accurate further inferences to be drawn from the data and used as samples in similar situations [7].

3    We revised the “Discussion and Conclusion” as follows:
6. Discussion and Conclusion
An event may significantly increase local economic activity. Still, the net impact within the neighboring areas and cities may be more significant than the local (hosting areas) impact (e.g., the big/national effect often exceeds the small/state effect), And the impact on the local /hosting areas even maybe negative [35]. Therefore, the local economic activity will also change the local population.
6.1. Implications for Theory
Matjaž [70] claimed that "a healthy society depends on individuals keeping in mind the broader picture, hence deciding to act for the common good." The target of SDG 8.9 is promoting "direct tourism GDP" and "number of jobs in tourism industries" by devising and implementing policies (e.g., Triennale-driven tourism) for sustainable tourism. Triennale-driven tourism (unlike just traditional festivals or conferences & exhibitions) is an essential component of sustainable tourism, and city revitalization lasted for almost 20 years in Japan. Previous research on its impact was limited (especially the lack of a comprehensive study of SDGs with local economic and population change. 
The current paper attempts to empirical analysis the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism with SDG 8.9 in these islands. The panel data of tourists, income, and population in Kagawa was monitored by multiple methods with descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA and simple linear regression (SLR)). It is an attempt sample (for similar areas in and out of Japan) to devise and implement policies for sustainable tourism SDGs. It attempts to "connect academic and practitioner worlds" with art exhibition creation tourism [71]. Thus, the present findings offer meaningful implications in both academia and industry.
6.2. Implications for Practitioners and Policy Makers
The current paper shows the positive impacts of exhibition-driven tourism using quantitative analysis. The changes in the world have exceeded our expectations. Therefore, a new evaluation of exhibition-driven tourism must be established. Although this process may be controversial, this study adds to our knowledge regarding the exhibition-driven tourism impacts on the tourism industry. This paper's findings will help guide operators/practitioners in the tourism industry to obtain market research support aimed at improvement measures. Moreover, these findings also play a policy support role for governmental or non-governmental policymakers in the tourism industry.
6.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
It is well known that the factors affecting the economy and population are very complex. Therefore, the current study has certain limitations. For example, we only conducted empirical research on two art events from three perspectives in this study. The scope must be expanded in further investigations. Moreover, similar and different impacts related to rural arts events and urban arts event tourism are essential research directions for the future with sustainable development goals in mind.

Thank you for reviewing the manuscript. I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 2 Report

After I see the revised manuscript, the revised results are the first version manuscript. I can not find a highlight of this manuscript. Thus, I recommend that this manuscript could not be published in the journal.

Author Response

We have submitted a separate response file with detailed answers to the reviewers' comments.
The reviewer maybe not have found it because of the fuzzy systems or other reasons. 
We re-submitted it again.
And we also loaded the detailed "Reply to Academic Editor."

Dear Reviewer,
Hope all is well.
We are very grateful for your comments about the manuscript. According to your advice, we amended the relevant parts of the manuscript. All revisions to the manuscript have been revised in the manuscript. After these revisions (your professional and excellent comments), the quality of this article has been dramatically improved. Thank you very much again.

1.    The manuscript was not carefully prepared. There are too many editorial errors, citations, and editorial errors. 
   1    Response:
   Thank you very much for the comments about this issue. It enables us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.
   We revised it all over the manuscript.
2.   The duplication rate of manuscript content is too large, accounting for 40%.
   2    Response:
   Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the expressions. And apologies for the mistake. After these revisions (your professional and excellent comments), the quality of this article has been dramatically improved. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the manuscript. Thank you very much again. 
   We revised it all over the manuscript.
3.  The manuscript's structure is not as good as the scientific article.
   3    Response:
   Thank you very much for the comments about this issue about the structure. And apologies for the mistake. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the manuscript. Your comments also helped us improve the quality of the manuscript.
   We revised it all over the manuscript.
4.  The used methodology and the study results are not highlighted.
   4    Response:
   I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Your comment, “I The methodology chapter is too long and descriptive: please summarize it and focus on the main issues able to discuss the achieved results.” And “Please describe better the boundary and external conditions of the algorithm approach.” These are both excellent suggestions that would help us greatly. You helped us discover some of the main issues in the methodology part of our manuscript. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal. 
   We revised these issues. 
   One line 216:
   The current paper used descriptive combined with inferential statistics to study the relationship between the exhibition and tourism impacts. Descriptive statistics is a term for data analysis. It helps to express and summarize preliminary images. Inferential statistics is to obtain data from the sample and infer the population and its characteristics from the example. This paper uses inferential statistics to combine Correlation, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA [47]. Descriptive statistics select a group to be described and then describe it completely. For inferential statistics, the population defines and then designs a representative sample. Then the quantitative analysis of the model represents the overall characteristics. Descriptive statistical information expresses the essential characteristics of the data, such as frequency changes. Then use inferential statistics to summarize features that are beyond the scope of existing data. 
   Panel data contains observations of multiple phenomena obtained by the objects over multiple periods [48][49]. Naudé and Saayman [50] identified five main areas for empirical tourism research. Panel data was used to analyze the impact of tourism on the economy in many studies [51]. Di Lascio et al. [52] used panel data to study the relationship between cultural tourism and art exhibitions. The current study collected data based on tourist numbers and total/ tertiary industry/ per capita income. Table 1 and 2 shows that: (1) categorical data included the year before the hosting of the exhibition (hereafter NO); (2) the hosting year of the ST (hereafter Y); (3) the years between the hosting of the ST (hereafter B). 
   Descriptive statistics (DS) can be used for data analysis visually and easily to understand [53][54]. Shentema et al. [55] used DS and Pearson regression for their statistical calculations. Some scholars studied the relationship between tourism and sustainability by DS [56][57]. Others studied the relationship between economics and tourism by DS [58][57]. Research using descriptive statistics is more vivid. However, if a study needs evidence to show that there is an influence or relationship between variables rather than just describing the entire sample, then inferential statistics are required [6].
   Some previous analyses used correlation, simple linear regression (SLR), and one-way ANOVA to analyze the inferential statistics [6][59]. The One-way ANOVA: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups [60]. ANOVA compares the means between related groups and determines whether these means are statistically significantly different from each other [62]. In other words, inferential statistics allows accurate further inferences to be drawn from the data and used as samples in similar situations [7].

Thank you very much for the comments. This excellent suggestion helped us a lot. You helped us discover some of the main issues in our manuscript's “Discussion” part. Your comments also helped us improve the quality of the manuscript.
We revised these issues. 
One line 377:
6. Discussion and Conclusion
An event may significantly increase local economic activity. Still, the net impact within the neighboring areas and cities may be more significant than the local (hosting areas) impact (e.g., the big/national effect often exceeds the small/state effect), And the impact on the local /hosting areas even maybe negative [35]. Therefore, the local economic activity will also change the local population.
6.1. Implications for Theory
Matjaž [70] claimed that "a healthy society depends on individuals keeping in mind the broader picture, hence deciding to act for the common good." The target of SDG 8.9 is promoting "direct tourism GDP" and "number of jobs in tourism industries" by devising and implementing policies (e.g., Triennale-driven tourism) for sustainable tourism. Triennale-driven tourism (unlike just traditional festivals or conferences & exhibitions) is an essential component of sustainable tourism, and city revitalization lasted for almost 20 years in Japan. Previous research on its impact was limited (especially the lack of a comprehensive study of SDGs with local economic and population change. 
The current paper attempts to empirical analysis the Triennale-driven sustainable tourism with SDG 8.9 in these islands. The panel data of tourists, income, and population in Kagawa was monitored by multiple methods with descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA and simple linear regression (SLR)). It is an attempt sample (for similar areas in and out of Japan) to devise and implement policies for sustainable tourism SDGs. It attempts to "connect academic and practitioner worlds" with art exhibition creation tourism [71]. Thus, the present findings offer meaningful implications in both academia and industry.
6.2. Implications for Practitioners and Policy Makers
The current paper shows the positive impacts of exhibition-driven tourism using quantitative analysis. The changes in the world have exceeded our expectations. Therefore, a new evaluation of exhibition-driven tourism must be established. Although this process may be controversial, this study adds to our knowledge regarding the exhibition-driven tourism impacts on the tourism industry. This paper's findings will help guide operators/practitioners in the tourism industry to obtain market research support aimed at improvement measures. Moreover, these findings also play a policy support role for governmental or non-governmental policymakers in the tourism industry.
6.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
It is well known that the factors affecting the economy and population are very complex. Therefore, the current study has certain limitations. For example, we only conducted empirical research on two art events from three perspectives in this study. The scope must be expanded in further investigations. Moreover, similar and different impacts related to rural arts events and urban arts event tourism are essential research directions for the future with sustainable development goals in mind.

 

Thank you for reviewing the manuscript. I greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.

 

 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

The paper may be accepted.

Author Response

Thank you again for reviewing the manuscript. We greatly appreciate your contribution and time, which assisted the journal in reaching its goals and enabled us to disseminate our work at the highest possible quality. Without the dedication of Editors and Reviewers like you, it would be impossible to manage an efficient peer review process and maintain the high standards necessary for a successful journal.