Stability Analysis of Borehole Walls When Drilling with Normal-Temperature Drilling Fluids in Permafrost Strata
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Mathematical Model for Stability of Borehole Walls in Permafrost Strata
2.1. Heat Transfer Equation of Permafrost Strata
2.2. Deformation Equation
2.3. Equations for Physical Properties of Strata
2.4. The Mechanical Model for Permafrost Sediments
3. Establishment and Analysis of the Mechanical Model for Stability of Borehole Walls in Permafrost Strata
3.1. The Mechanical Model for Stability of Borehole Walls in Permafrost Strata
3.2. Mechanical Responses of Strata around Boreholes during Drilling in Permafrost
4. Borehole Expansion Rates under Different Conditions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Thermal conductivity of soils/W·(m·°C)−1 | 1.383 |
Thermal conductivity of ice/W·(m·°C)−1 | 2.22 |
Thermal conductivity of water/W·(m·°C)−1 | 0.55 |
Specific heat capacity of soils/J·(kg·°C)−1 | 982 |
Specific heat capacity of ice/J·(kg·°C)−1 | 4200 |
Specific heat capacity of water/J·(kg·°C)−1 | 1930 |
Heat transfer coefficient/W·(m2·K)−1 | 750 |
Phase-change latent heat of ice/J·(mol)−1 | 333,000 |
Density of dry soils/kg·(m)−3 | 1450 |
Density of ice and water/kg·(m)−3 | 1000 |
Coefficient of thermal expansion of soils | 9.67 × 10−6 |
Coefficient of thermal expansion of ice (T ≤ 0 °C) | −5.1 × 10−5 |
Coefficient of thermal expansion of water (0 °C < T ≤ 4 °C) | −1.67 × 10−5 |
Coefficient of thermal expansion of water (T > 4 °C) | 2.93 × 10−5 |
Permeability of permafrost (darcy) | 1 × 10−14 |
Permeability of thawed permafrost (darcy) | 1 × 10−8 |
Poisson’s ratio of soils | 0.35 |
Drilling Fluid Density (g/cm3) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depth/Temperature | Critical Plasticity Strain (%) | 1.0 | 1.05 | 1.1 | 1.15 | 1.2 | 1.25 | 1.3 |
300 m/−10 °C | 10 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
15 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
400 m/−7 °C | 10 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
15 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
500 m/−4 °C | 10 | 15% | 13% | 11% | 9% | 8% | 6% | 4% |
15 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
600 m/−1 °C | 10 | 31% | 27% | 23% | 19% | 17% | 14% | 10% |
15 | 19% | 16% | 12% | 9% | 7% | 4% | 2% | |
20 | 11% | 9% | 6% | 4% | 1% | 0% | 0% |
Drilling Fluid Density (g/cm3) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depth/Temperature | Critical Plasticity Strain (%) | 1.0 | 1.05 | 1.1 | 1.15 | 1.2 | 1.25 | 1.3 |
300 m/−16 °C | 10 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
15 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
400 m/−13 °C | 10 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
15 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
500 m/−10 °C | 10 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
15 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
600 m/−7 °C | 10 | 20% | 14% | 9% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
15 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
700 m/−4 °C | 10 | 20% | 18% | 15% | 13% | 11% | 8% | 6% |
15 | 9% | 7% | 5% | 4% | 1% | 0% | 0% | |
20 | 3% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
800 m/−1 °C | 10 | 74% | 66% | 60% | 52% | 46% | 40% | 35% |
15 | 52% | 46% | 40% | 35% | 30% | 26% | 21% | |
20 | 40% | 34% | 29% | 25% | 21% | 17% | 16% |
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Shi, J.; Li, Y.; Yan, C.; Xue, M. Stability Analysis of Borehole Walls When Drilling with Normal-Temperature Drilling Fluids in Permafrost Strata. Processes 2024, 12, 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091819
Shi J, Li Y, Yan C, Xue M. Stability Analysis of Borehole Walls When Drilling with Normal-Temperature Drilling Fluids in Permafrost Strata. Processes. 2024; 12(9):1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091819
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Jihui, Yang Li, Chuanliang Yan, and Mingyu Xue. 2024. "Stability Analysis of Borehole Walls When Drilling with Normal-Temperature Drilling Fluids in Permafrost Strata" Processes 12, no. 9: 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091819