An Optimization Study of 3D Printing Technology Utilizing a Hybrid Gel System Based on Astragalus Polysaccharide and Wheat Starch
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Instruments and Equipment
- Lab-made pneumatic-extrusion condensing 3D food printer;
- JA3003 electronic analytical balance, Shanghai Zanwei Weighing Apparatus Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China;
- TL-PRO texture analyzer, Beijing Ying Sheng Heng Tai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China;
- DF-101S constant-temperature oil bath magnetic stirrer, Shanghai Qiu Zuo Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China;
- MC-7K centrifuge, Zhejiang Ou Mai Ke Testing Instruments Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Pneumatic-Extrusion Condensing 3D Food Printer
2.3. Experimental Methods
2.3.1. Preparation of Printing Materials
2.3.2. The 3D Printer Extrusion Layer Height Setting
2.3.3. Single-Factor 3D Printing Parameter Setting
2.3.4. Evaluation of 3D Printing Sample Molding Effect
2.3.5. Measurement of Texture Characteristics
2.3.6. Determination of Gel Deposition Rate
2.3.7. Optimization of the Test Design of the Printing Process Response Surface
2.3.8. Printing Process Response Surface Optimization Test Design
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Determination of Printing Layer Height
3.2. The Influence of Polysaccharide Content on the 3D Printing Performance of Astragalus–Starch Mixed Gels
3.3. The Impact of Polysaccharide Content on the Deposition Rate of Astragalus–Starch Mixed Gels
3.4. The Influence of Polysaccharide Content on the Textural Properties of Astragalus–Starch Mixed-Gel 3D Printing Samples
3.5. The Impact of Single-Factor Parameters on the Precision of Printed Samples
3.5.1. The Influence of Fill Rate on the Precision of Printed Samples
3.5.2. The Influence of Nozzle Diameter on the Precision of Printed Samples
3.5.3. The Influence of Printing Speed on the Precision of Printed Samples
3.6. Response Surface Optimization Test Design and Results and Response Surface Model
3.6.1. Response Surface Test Design and Result Analysis
3.6.2. Response Surface Analysis and Determination of Optimal Printing Parameters
3.6.3. Verification of Optimal Printing Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Factors | ||
---|---|---|---|
Print Speed (mm/min) | Filling Rates (%) | Nozzle Diameter (mm) | |
−1 | 600 | 60 | 0.4 |
0 | 800 | 80 | 0.8 |
1 | 1000 | 100 | 1.2 |
NO. | Factors | Comprehensive Completion Rate (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Print Speed (mm/min) | Filling Rates (%) | Nozzle Diameter (mm) | ||
1 | 600 | 60 | 0.8 | 97.62 |
2 | 1000 | 60 | 0.8 | 97.86 |
3 | 600 | 100 | 0.8 | 98.15 |
4 | 1000 | 100 | 0.8 | 97.48 |
5 | 600 | 80 | 0.4 | 99.46 |
6 | 1000 | 80 | 0.4 | 97.48 |
7 | 600 | 80 | 1.2 | 97.49 |
8 | 1000 | 80 | 1.2 | 98.58 |
9 | 800 | 60 | 0.4 | 97.87 |
10 | 800 | 100 | 0.4 | 98.68 |
11 | 800 | 60 | 1.2 | 97.78 |
12 | 800 | 100 | 1.2 | 97.48 |
13 | 800 | 80 | 0.8 | 99.48 |
14 | 800 | 80 | 0.8 | 99.34 |
15 | 800 | 80 | 0.8 | 99.28 |
16 | 800 | 80 | 0.8 | 99.31 |
17 | 800 | 80 | 0.8 | 99.29 |
Source of Variance | Sum of Squares | Degree of Freedom | Mean Square | F Value | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 10.58 | 9 | 1.18 | 90.14 | <0.0001 ** |
A | 0.2178 | 1 | 0.2178 | 16.70 | 0.0047 * |
B | 0.0545 | 1 | 0.0545 | 4.17 | 0.0803 |
C | 0.5832 | 1 | 0.5832 | 44.71 | 0.0003 * |
AB | 0.2070 | 1 | 0.2070 | 15.87 | 0.0053 |
AC | 2.36 | 1 | 2.36 | 180.65 | <0.0001 ** |
BC | 0.3080 | 1 | 0.3080 | 23.62 | 0.0018 * |
A2 | 1.68 | 1 | 1.68 | 128.64 | <0.0001 ** |
B2 | 3.65 | 1 | 3.65 | 279.96 | <0.0001 ** |
C2 | 0.8765 | 1 | 0.8765 | 67.20 | <0.0001 ** |
Residual | 0.0913 | 7 | 0.0130 | ||
Lack of Fit | 0.0647 | 3 | 0.0216 | 3.24 | 0.1427 |
Pure Error | 0.0266 | 4 | 0.0066 | ||
Cor Total | 10.67 | 16 |
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Xia, G.; Tao, L.; Zhang, S.; Hao, X.; Ou, S. An Optimization Study of 3D Printing Technology Utilizing a Hybrid Gel System Based on Astragalus Polysaccharide and Wheat Starch. Processes 2024, 12, 1898. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091898
Xia G, Tao L, Zhang S, Hao X, Ou S. An Optimization Study of 3D Printing Technology Utilizing a Hybrid Gel System Based on Astragalus Polysaccharide and Wheat Starch. Processes. 2024; 12(9):1898. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091898
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Guofeng, Lilulu Tao, Shiying Zhang, Xiangyang Hao, and Shengyang Ou. 2024. "An Optimization Study of 3D Printing Technology Utilizing a Hybrid Gel System Based on Astragalus Polysaccharide and Wheat Starch" Processes 12, no. 9: 1898. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091898