Performance of Commercially Open Refrigerated Showcases with and without Ice Storage—A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Equipment and Methods
2.1. Experimental Equipment
2.2. Operation Modes
2.3. Data Analysis
- COP: Coefficient of Performance
- h4: Condenser outlet enthalpy (kJ⁄kg)
- h2: Compressor outlet enthalpy (kJ⁄kg)
- h1: Compressor inlet enthalpy (kJ⁄kg)
- kW: Compressor power consumption (kW)
- kWh: kilowatt-hour
- NTD: Operating cost
- Rate: Taiwan Electric Power Rate
3. Results and Discussion
Analysis of Collecting Data and Comparison of Correlations
4. Conclusions
- Under an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, the ice storage system applicable to a 24-h commercial refrigerated showcase with a 9-h ice storage period and a 15-h ice melting period consumed 51.8 kWh of energy, whereas the general refrigeration system consumed 36 kWh of energy. The ice storage system consumed 44% more energy than the conventional refrigeration system. However, with the use of the TOU rate plan in Taiwan, the energy cost of the ice storage system is saved by USD$ 17.13 per month when compared to the convention refrigeration system.
- The ice storage system could successfully transfer 35% of its power consumption during peak hours to off-peak hours, which successfully retained the peak loads. The reduction of the condensing temperature and pressure increased the COP from 3.6 (refrigeration mode) to 6.35 (melting mode), effectively enhancing the refrigeration efficiency.
- For the icing condition in the ice storage tank, the icing rate is reduced with the increase of ice thickness. This is because the ice around the copper tubes may grow and merge overtime, and eventually the heat transfer efficiency declined.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Ice Storage System | General Refrigeration System | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy charge | Off-peak hours (22:30–07:30) | kWh | 1054.8 | kWh | 315 |
USD | 18.29 | USD | 9.09 | ||
Half-peak hours (07:30–10:00) (12:00–13:00) (17:00–22:30) | kWh | 303.9 | kWh | 452.4 | |
USD | 21.27 | USD | 31.68 | ||
Peak hours (10:00–12:00) (13:00–17:00) | kWh | 193.2 | kWh | 312 | |
USD | 23.34 | USD | 37.7 | ||
Total electricity bill (USD/Month) | 62.9 | 78.47 | |||
Total energy cost saved during peak hours (USD$/Month) | 24.77 | ||||
Demand charge | Demand charge (kW) | kW | 2 | kW | 2.5 |
USD | 15.57 | USD | 19.46 | ||
Off-peak Demand charge (kW) | kW | 2.5 | kW | 0 | |
USD | 2.33 | USD | 0 | ||
Total electricity bill (USD/Month) | 17.9 | 19.46 | |||
Total energy cost saved during peak hours (USD$/Month) | 3.89 | ||||
Total power consumption transfer during peak hours (kWh/Month) | 267.3 | ||||
Reduced power consumption during peak hours (%) | 35 |
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Yang, K.-S.; Chao, Y.-S.; Hsieh, C.-H.; Chai, M.-L.; Wang, C.-C. Performance of Commercially Open Refrigerated Showcases with and without Ice Storage—A Case Study. Processes 2021, 9, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040683
Yang K-S, Chao Y-S, Hsieh C-H, Chai M-L, Wang C-C. Performance of Commercially Open Refrigerated Showcases with and without Ice Storage—A Case Study. Processes. 2021; 9(4):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040683
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Kai-Shing, Yun-Sheng Chao, Chia-Hsing Hsieh, Min-Lun Chai, and Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "Performance of Commercially Open Refrigerated Showcases with and without Ice Storage—A Case Study" Processes 9, no. 4: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040683
APA StyleYang, K.-S., Chao, Y.-S., Hsieh, C.-H., Chai, M.-L., & Wang, C.-C. (2021). Performance of Commercially Open Refrigerated Showcases with and without Ice Storage—A Case Study. Processes, 9(4), 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040683