Volatiles from Selected Apiaceae Species Cultivated in Poland—Antimicrobial Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Experimental
2.3. GC Analysis
2.4. Antimicrobial Activity
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Analysis
3.2. Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant Species Studied | Plants Parts Studied | Yield % |
---|---|---|
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell. | aerial parts with fruits (herba cum fructi) | 0.10 |
Seseli devenyense Simonkai | 0.18 | |
Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D.J.Koch | 0.20 | |
Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. | 0.15 | |
Ferula assa-foetida L. | 0.32 | |
Heracleum dulce Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall., | 0.18 | |
Torillis japonica (Houtt.) DC. | fruits (fructi) | 0.25 |
Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm | 0.22 | |
Peucedanum luxurians Tamamsch. | aerial parts (herba) | 0.14 |
Compounds | Silaum silaus | Seseli devenyense | Seseli libanotis | Glehnia littoralis | Ferula assa-foetida | Torilis japonica | Orlaya grandiflora | Peucedanum luxurians |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-pinene | 22.48 | 0.84 | 1.90 | 0.50 | 5.24 | - | - | - |
camphene | - | 0.2 | 0.20 | - | - | - | - | - |
sabinene | 0.65 | - | 18.37 | - | 1.28 | - | - | - |
myrcene | 3.02 | 1.25 | - | 18.74 | - | - | 1.33 | |
β-pinene | - | 0.48 | 0.57 | 2.30 | - | - | - | - |
propyl octanoate | - | - | - | 18.80 | - | - | - | - |
β-elemene | - | 1.97 | - | - | 18.12 | - | - | |
γ-elemene | - | - | 2.20 | 5.94 | - | - | - | - |
δ-elemene | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.10 |
β-caryophyllene | - | 3.30 | 28.70 | - | - | 11.02 | 18.83 | 8.84 |
limonene | - | 0.48 | - | - | 4.01 | - | - | - |
β-phellandrene | - | - | 13.16 | 16.26 | 0.18 | - | - | - |
δ-3-carene | 2.49 | 0.05 | - | 1.21 | 1.45 | - | - | - |
p-cymene | - | 0.17 | 1.66 | 0.55 | - | - | - | - |
o-cymene | 6.47 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
tricyclene | - | - | 0.41 | - | - | - | - | - |
geranyl acetate | - | 5.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Z-β-ocimene | - | 0.38 | - | - | 0.16 | - | - | - |
E-β-ocimene | 5.97 | 0.08 | - | - | 0.38 | - | - | - |
α-amorphene | - | 7.97 | 0.60 | - | - | - | 8.56 | - |
eugenol | 0.10 | - | - | - | 8.05 | - | - | - |
methyl eugenol | 9.80 | - | - | - | 20.75 | - | - | - |
Z-methyl isoeugenol | 0.95 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
γ-terpinene | 4.41 | 0.11 | 0.36 | - | 2.83 | - | - | - |
meta-tolualdeyde | - | 0.35 | - | - | 0.21 | - | - | |
terpinolene | 0.34 | 0.06 | - | - | 1.93 | - | - | - |
anethole | - | - | 1.81 | 0.11 | - | - | ||
β-cubebene | - | - | - | - | 0.35 | - | - | - |
α-humulene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.97 | - | |
trans-β-farnesene | - | - | 1.36 | 1.73 | - | - | - | 16.35 |
germacrene D | 2.80 | 4.70 | 1.96 | 0.65 | 5.75 | 9.33 | 7.27 | 13.76 |
bicyclo-germacrene | - | - | 1.67 | - | - | - | - | |
α-germacrene | - | - | - | - | - | 8.29 | - | - |
α-muurolene | - | 3.57 | - | - | - | - | - | |
γ-muurolene | - | 3.67 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
E-methyl isoeugenol | 7.60 | - | - | - | 25.46 | - | - | - |
α-zingiberene | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10.58 |
β-sesquiphellandrene | - | 17.79 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.72 |
δ-cadinene | - | - | - | 0.79 | 0.70 | 1.12 | 10.83 | - |
α-cadinene | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.48 | - |
myristicin | 20.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
palmitic acid | - | - | - | 16.45 | - | - | - | - |
spathulenol | 0.09 | 5.70 | 12.80 | 0.59 | 0.31 | -- | - | |
germacrene Β | - | - | - | 4.06 | - | - | 0.33 | - |
calamenene | - | - | - | 0.42 | - | - | - | - |
t-cadinol | - | - | - | - | 0.71 | - | 5.33 | - |
1,6 -germacradien-5-ol | - | - | - | - | - | 38.46 | - | |
4,5-dehydro-isolongifolene | - | - | - | 2.48 | - | - | - | - |
linoleic acid | - | - | - | 9.70 | - | - | - | - |
oleic acid | - | - | - | 3.17 | - | - | - | - |
unknown compounds | - | 29.09 | - | - | - | - | 28.64 | 26.50 |
Total (%) | 87.18 | 84.30 | 89.14 | 87.41 | 98.6 | 87.31 | 82.27 | 86.18 |
Chemical Categories | S. silaus | S. devenyense | S. libanotis | G. littoralis | F. assa-foetida | H. dulce | T. japonica | O. grandiflora | P. luxurians |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 45.83 | 2.85 | 37.88 | 20.82 | 36.2 | - | - | - | 1.33 |
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 2.80 | 41.0 | 38.46 | 16.07 | 6.8 | 2.01 | 48.85 | 48.3 | 58.35 |
Phenylpropene | 20.01 | - | - | 1.81 | 0.11 | - | - | - | - |
Aldehydes | - | 0.35 | - | - | 0.21 | - | - | - | - |
Alcohols | 18.54 | 5.70 | 12.80 | 0.59 | 55.28 | - | 38.46 | 5.33 | - |
Esters | - | 5.31 | - | 18.80 | - | - | - | - | - |
Fatty acids | - | - | - | 29.32 | - | 27.84 | - | - | - |
Coumarins | - | - | - | - | - | 58.38 | - | - | - |
Unknown | - | 29.09 | - | - | - | - | - | 28.64 | 26.50 |
Compounds | H. dulce |
---|---|
Psoralene | 0.73 |
palmitic acid | 0.77 |
psoralene-8-hydroxy (xanthotoxol) | 4.87 |
xanthotoxin | 2.88 |
bergapten | 1.04 |
germacrene D | 2.01 |
linoleic acid | 7.10 |
oleic acid | 19.46 |
8-heptadecenoic acid | 0.51 |
coumarin | 0.84 |
coumarin | 18.04 |
coumarin | 5.58 |
coumarin | 5.39 |
coumarin | 13.33 |
coumarin | 0.61 |
coumarin | 0.47 |
allo-imperatorin | 0.75 |
coumarin | 3.85 |
Hexadecyl oleate | 0.67 |
Total (%) | 88.90 |
S. aureus | S. epidermidis | P. aeruginosa | E. cloacae | K. pnaumioniae | E. coli | C. albicans | C. tropicalis | C. glabrata | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. silaus | 1.80 | 1.25 | 8.70 | 13.45 | 10.27 | 7.38 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
S. devenyense | 1.35 | 1.20 | 12.80 | 12.00 | 11.62 | 13.41 | 10.70 | 9.65 | 9.00 |
S. libanotis | 1.35 | 1.47 | 5.68 | 6.00 | 6.32 | 6.70 | 12.35 | 11.45 | 10.80 |
G.littoralis | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
F. assa-foetida | 7.23 | 6.80 | 5.70 | 4.65 | 5.23 | 4.35 | 7.65 | 5.43 | 4.30 |
H. dulce | 0.90 | 0.87 | 3.30 | 3.84 | 4.05 | 3.92 | 4.90 | 4.78 | 4.00 |
T.japonica | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
O. grandiflora | 1.60 | 1.52 | 8.70 | 9.60 | 12.32 | 15.70 | 16.30 | 12.27 | 11.90 |
P. luxurians | 1.20 | 1.00 | 2.80 | >20 | 5.76 | 3.43 | 6.89 | 5.94 | 4.87 |
itraconazol | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 1.0 × 10−3 | 0.1 × 10−3 | 1 × 10−3 |
5-flucytocine | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 0.1 × 10−3 | 1.0 × 10−3 | 9.7 × 10−3 |
amphotericin B | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 1.0 × 10−3 | 0.5 × 10−3 | 0.4 × 10−3 |
amoxicillin | 1.8 × 10−3 | 1.5 × 10−3 | 2.5 × 10−3 | 2.7 × 10−3 | 3.1 × 10−3 | 2.1 × 10−3 | nt | nt | nt |
netilmicin | 3.0 × 10−3 | 2.9 × 10−3 | 7.0 × 10−3 | 7.8 × 10−3 | 6.8 × 10−3 | 3.1 × 10−3 | nt | nt | nt |
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Widelski, J.; Graikou, K.; Ganos, C.; Skalicka-Wozniak, K.; Chinou, I. Volatiles from Selected Apiaceae Species Cultivated in Poland—Antimicrobial Activities. Processes 2021, 9, 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040695
Widelski J, Graikou K, Ganos C, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Chinou I. Volatiles from Selected Apiaceae Species Cultivated in Poland—Antimicrobial Activities. Processes. 2021; 9(4):695. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040695
Chicago/Turabian StyleWidelski, Jaroslaw, Konstantia Graikou, Christos Ganos, Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak, and Ioanna Chinou. 2021. "Volatiles from Selected Apiaceae Species Cultivated in Poland—Antimicrobial Activities" Processes 9, no. 4: 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040695