European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

12 pages, 589 KB

Open AccessArticle

Manipulation and Instability: Exploring Machiavellianism and Borderline Personality Similarities and Differences

by Bruno Bonfá-Araujo, Christian Blötner, András Láng and Julie Aitken Schermer

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090185 - 12 Sep 2025

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Machiavellianism and borderline personality are known for influencing interpersonal dynamics through manipulative behaviors. Machiavellianism is characterized by calculated, egotistic, and callous manipulation, while borderline personality involves emotionally driven impulsive manipulation due to instability and fear of abandonment. In this study, we explored the [...] Read more.

Machiavellianism and borderline personality are known for influencing interpersonal dynamics through manipulative behaviors. Machiavellianism is characterized by calculated, egotistic, and callous manipulation, while borderline personality involves emotionally driven impulsive manipulation due to instability and fear of abandonment. In this study, we explored the relationships of the two constructs with respect to broader personality constructs. Adult participants (N = 1011; Mage = 49.08 years, SD = 17.15) completed two measures each for Machiavellianism and borderline personality and a single inventory measuring the Big Five personality traits. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to investigate subgroups within the data. Machiavellianism was more strongly negatively associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness, while borderline personality traits were more strongly linked to neuroticism (more positively), agreeableness, and conscientiousness (both more negatively). Two distinct latent profiles emerged. Based on these findings, we suggest that Machiavellianism can align with either adaptive or maladaptive functioning, whereas a combination of Machiavellianism and borderline personality traits underscores a tendency towards manipulative behaviors with emotional instability. We suggest that future research build upon our findings by investigating concrete manipulative acts predicted by borderline personality and Machiavellianism. Full article

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26 pages, 921 KB

Open AccessArticle

Media Exposure and Vicarious Trauma: Italian Adaptation and Validation of the Media Vicarious Traumatization Scale and Its Impact on Young Adults’ Mental Health in Relation to Contemporary Armed Conflicts

by Giorgio Maria Regnoli, Gioia Tiano and Barbara De Rosa

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090184 - 12 Sep 2025

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Abstract

In recent years, psychological research has increasingly focused on the impact of media exposure on mental health, identifying young adults as particularly vulnerable due to their high levels of media engagement. To explore these effects, the construct of Media Vicarious Traumatization (MVT) has [...] Read more.

In recent years, psychological research has increasingly focused on the impact of media exposure on mental health, identifying young adults as particularly vulnerable due to their high levels of media engagement. To explore these effects, the construct of Media Vicarious Traumatization (MVT) has been introduced as an extension of vicarious traumatization, aimed at capturing the psychological impact of emotionally intense media content. MVT offers a relevant framework for understanding the mental health risks of media exposure, especially in relation to socially significant issues like war, now central in contemporary media discourse. This study aims to culturally adapt and psychometrically validate the Media Vicarious Traumatization Scale (MVTS) within the Italian context, and to investigate the relationship between the war-related MVT construct, generalized anxiety, and future anxiety among young adults. Study I, conducted on a sample of 250 participants (M = 22.40, SD = 2.63), explored the latent structure of the MVTS using Parallel Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), yielding promising psychometric properties in terms of reliability and factorial stability. An independent sample of 553 participants (M = 22.43, SD = 2.37) was recruited for Study II to confirm the MVTS’s latent structure via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which indicated good model fit. This study also evaluated measurement invariance across gender, internal consistency, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity, alongside psychometric properties assessed through Item Response Theory (IRT). The results of both studies confirm the stable and robust psychometric properties of the scale. Furthermore, Study II provides novel insights into the predictive role played not only by the war-related MVT but also by the recently introduced construct of Worry about War in exacerbating both generalized anxiety and future anxiety among Italian young adults. Full article

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43 pages, 829 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Burden of the Past: A Systematic Review of Childhood Trauma and Mental Health in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals

by Giulia Di Fini, Cristina Civilotti, Annalisa Bolognino, Gabriele Einaudi, Mariateresa Molo, Fabio Veglia, Gabriella Gandino and Sarah Finzi

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090183 - 12 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are critical determinants of long-term psychological and physiological health outcomes. Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals are at increased risk for ACEs, including family rejection, peer victimization, and systemic discrimination. Despite the growing body of research on this topic, [...] Read more.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are critical determinants of long-term psychological and physiological health outcomes. Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals are at increased risk for ACEs, including family rejection, peer victimization, and systemic discrimination. Despite the growing body of research on this topic, an updated synthesis of recent literature is needed to understand the evolving landscape of ACE-related risks and protective factors in TGNC populations. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, examined studies published between 2020 and 2024 that were related to the association between ACEs and mental health outcomes in TGNC individuals. A comprehensive database search yielded 6124 articles, 42 of which met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction focused on the type of ACEs reported, associated mental health outcomes, resilience factors, and clinical implications. The results showed that TGNC individuals are significantly more likely to experience childhood maltreatment, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as transphobia-specific ACEs such as forced gender conformity and identity denial. These experiences are associated with an increased risk of depression, PTSD, suicidality, and substance use disorders. Family rejection was found to be a critical risk factor, while social support, gender-specific care, and self-efficacy showed protective effects. The reviewed studies emphasize the urgent need for trauma-informed and gender-affirming mental health interventions to mitigate the effects of ACEs on TGNC individuals. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. Full article

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12 pages, 704 KB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the French Version of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI-FR) in Teachers

by Ester Grau-Alberola and Hugo Figueiredo-Ferraz

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090182 - 10 Sep 2025

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Abstract

The Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing burnout in Latin America, and several European countries. Based on a theoretical model, the SBI comprises 20 items distributed across four dimensions: Enthusiasm Toward the Job, Psychological Exhaustion, [...] Read more.

The Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing burnout in Latin America, and several European countries. Based on a theoretical model, the SBI comprises 20 items distributed across four dimensions: Enthusiasm Toward the Job, Psychological Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt. Unlike traditional frameworks, the SBI incorporates guilt as a central factor, providing a more comprehensive understanding of burnout. The present study aimed to validate the French version of the instrument (SBI-FR) in a sample of 373 French teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the adequacy of the four-factor structure with satisfactory fit indices (RMSEA = 0.057, 90% CI, GFI = 0.911, NFI = 0.909, CFI = 0.948, AIC = 451.824). All items showed acceptable psychometric properties, and reliability coefficients were adequate across the four dimensions. These results support the SBI-FR as a valid and reliable tool for assessing burnout among teachers in France. Furthermore, the inclusion of guilt contributes to theoretical advances in the conceptualization of burnout, enabling the distinction between guilt-prone and non-guilt-prone profiles. Overall, this study offers empirical evidence for the cross-cultural applicability of the SBI and highlights its relevance as an alternative instrument for diagnosing burnout, particularly in educational settings. Full article

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14 pages, 349 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cardiovascular Health, Assessed by Life’s Essential 8, Is Associated with Lower Risk of Disability Among Older, Community-Dwelling Men and Women

by Xin Li, Yichen Jin, Stefania Bandinelli, Luigi Ferrucci, Toshiko Tanaka and Sameera A. Talegawkar

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090181 - 8 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Our study examined the associations between overall cardiovascular health (CVH) and the risk of disability in older adults over 16 years of follow-up. Data from the InCHIANTI study were used and included 928 participants aged 65 years and older. Overall CVH was measured [...] Read more.

Our study examined the associations between overall cardiovascular health (CVH) and the risk of disability in older adults over 16 years of follow-up. Data from the InCHIANTI study were used and included 928 participants aged 65 years and older. Overall CVH was measured using the “Life’s Essential 8” (LE8) metric. Disability status was assessed by the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Higher overall LE8 score at baseline was associated with lower risks of having the first ADL among males (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66, p = 0.001) and IADL disability event (HR = 0.89, p = 0.016) using the Cox proportional hazards model. Higher LE8 scores were also associated with ADL (odds ratio [OR] (females) = 0.80, p = 0.034; OR (males) = 0.55, p < 0.001) and IADL worsening (OR = 0.72, p < 0.001) using Generalized Estimating Equation models. Among older adults, better CVH assessed by the LE8 metric was associated with lower risk of ADL and IADL disabilities and their worsening over time. These findings underscore the importance of promoting CVH as a key strategy to support healthy aging and reduce disability burden. Public health interventions that target CVH components may be effective in preserving functional independence among older populations. Full article

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14 pages, 3183 KB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Regulation Mediates the Relationship Between Stress and Quality of Life in Shift-Working Healthcare Professionals: Behavioral Clustering Insights

by Mohammed F. Salahuddin, Jessica Walker, Ernesto Hernandez Zambrana, Vibhuti Gupta, Kwanghee Jung, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal and Md Dilshad Manzar

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090180 - 6 Sep 2025

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Abstract

The psychological mechanisms through which occupational stress impacts quality of life remain underexplored in shift-working healthcare professionals, a population exposed to unique stressors such as circadian disruption, high cognitive demands, and irregular work schedules. This study examined whether executive self-regulation mediates the relationship [...] Read more.

The psychological mechanisms through which occupational stress impacts quality of life remain underexplored in shift-working healthcare professionals, a population exposed to unique stressors such as circadian disruption, high cognitive demands, and irregular work schedules. This study examined whether executive self-regulation mediates the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life in a sample of 82 shift-working healthcare professionals. Participants completed validated self-report measures, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), Executive Skills Questionnaire–Revised (ESQ-R), and Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). Mediation analysis using 5126 bias-corrected bootstrapped samples revealed that perceived stress significantly predicted self-regulation difficulties, which in turn were associated with diminished quality of life. Self-regulation demonstrated an indirect-only mediation effect in both directions, though the forward path (stress → self-regulation → QOL) showed a stronger effect (indirect effect = −0.79; 95% CI: −1.63, −0.17), compared to the reverse path (QOL → self-regulation → stress; indirect effect = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01). Unsupervised K-means clustering identified three distinct behavioral clusters: resilient, low-strain, and high-strain, providing further support for personalized targeted interventions. These findings highlight self-regulation as a central mechanism through which stress affects quality of life and underscore the need for interventions that strengthen executive functioning in shift-based healthcare settings. Full article

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35 pages, 646 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Psychology of EdTech Nudging: Persuasion, Cognitive Load, and Intrinsic Motivation

by Stefanos Balaskas, Ioanna Yfantidou, Theofanis Nikolopoulos and Kyriakos Komis

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090179 - 6 Sep 2025

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Abstract

With increasing digitalization of learning environments, concerns regarding the psychological effect of seductive interface design on the motivational level and cognitive health of learners have been raised. This research investigates the effects of certain persuasive and adaptive design elements, i.e., Perceived Persuasiveness of [...] Read more.

With increasing digitalization of learning environments, concerns regarding the psychological effect of seductive interface design on the motivational level and cognitive health of learners have been raised. This research investigates the effects of certain persuasive and adaptive design elements, i.e., Perceived Persuasiveness of Platform Design (PPS), Frequency of Nudge Exposure (NE), and Perceived Personalization (PP), on intrinsic motivation in virtual learning environments (INTR). We draw on Self-Determination Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and Persuasive Systems Design to develop and test a conceptual model featuring cognitive overload (COG) and perceived autonomy (PAUTO) as mediating variables. We used a cross-sectional survey of university students (N = 740) and used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. The findings show that all three predictors have significant impacts on intrinsic motivation, with PP as the strongest direct predictor. Mediation analyses produced complementary effects for NE and PP in that these traits not only boosted motivation directly, but also autonomy, and they decreased cognitive overload. Alternatively, PPS showed competitive mediation, boosting motivation directly but lowering it indirectly by increasing overload and decreasing autonomy. Multi-Group Analysis also revealed that such effects differ by gender, age, education, digital literacy, exposure to persuasive features, and use frequency of the platform. The results underscore the imperative for educational technology design to reduce cognitive load and support user control, especially for subgroups at risk. Interface designers, teachers, and policymakers who are interested in supporting healthy and ethical digital learning environments are provided with implications. This work is part of the new generation of research in the field of the ethical design of impactful education technologies, focusing on the balance between motivational-enabling functions and the psychological needs of users. Full article

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21 pages, 897 KB

Open AccessArticle

Underachievement Risks and Profiles of Psychological Variables Among High-Ability Adolescents from Hong Kong, The Netherlands, Taiwan, and The United Kingdom

by Edmund T. T. Lo, Marjolijn van Weerdenburg, Joanne M. Williams, Enyi Jen, Lianne Hoogeveen, Stella W. Y. Chan, Kuen Fung Sin and Ho Nam Cheung

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090178 - 4 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Background: High-ability students, despite their potential, may underachieve academically. The existing literature suggests the presence of subtypes, such as perfectionistic or creative high-ability students, who underachieve for different reasons. However, empirical work identifying these profiles and linking them to underachievement remains limited. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: High-ability students, despite their potential, may underachieve academically. The existing literature suggests the presence of subtypes, such as perfectionistic or creative high-ability students, who underachieve for different reasons. However, empirical work identifying these profiles and linking them to underachievement remains limited. Methods: We analyzed self-reported data by 930 high-ability adolescents across Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. We conducted a pre-registered confirmatory latent profile analysis on five dispositions theoretically relevant to underachievement: creativity, academic self-efficacy, self-regulation, perfectionistic standards, and self-criticism. We examined how these profiles related to underachievement risk, measured by academic performance and self-perceived underachievement. Results: Four profiles emerged. Two aligned with underachievement-related theories, namely the “self-satisfied” profile (low self-criticism, high self-regulation and creativity; prevalent in Asia) and the “maladaptively perfectionistic” profile (high self-criticism but low creativity, academic self-efficacy, and self-regulation; prevalent in Western Europe). Academic performance did not differ across profiles. However, adolescents in the “self-satisfied” profile were less likely to self-perceive as underachievers, while those in the “maladaptively perfectionistic” group were more likely. Interestingly, self-perception as underachievers in both profiles was positively linked with academic performance. Conclusions: These findings provide empirical evidence on subtypes among high-ability students that may differentially present underachieving risks. Full article

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17 pages, 991 KB

Open AccessArticle

Post-Traumatic Stress in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Time Perspective Between Trauma Exposure, PTSD Symptoms, and Cannabis Use

by Alexander Pütz, Gerhard Hapfelmeier, Alexandra Martin, Stephan Bender and Marco Walg

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090177 - 1 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) are associated with an imbalanced time perspective (TP) as well as with unhealthy substance use. Although neurodevelopmental processes during adolescence may impact PTSS, most etiological models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are derived from studies with adults and neglect [...] Read more.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) are associated with an imbalanced time perspective (TP) as well as with unhealthy substance use. Although neurodevelopmental processes during adolescence may impact PTSS, most etiological models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are derived from studies with adults and neglect possible distinctive characteristics in adolescent PTSD. This study examined possible direct and mediated relations between exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (EPTEs) and PTSS with TP as a potential mediator. In addition, the study investigated the direct and indirect effects of EPTE, TP, and PTSS on cannabis use. The aim of this study was to investigate whether findings from adult studies can be transferred to adolescent PTSD. One hundred and five patients between 14 and 20 years of age were recruited from child and adolescent psychiatric units. They answered questionnaires to assess EPTE, PTSS, TP, and cannabis use. Participants with clinically relevant PTSS showed imbalanced TP with a high orientation to negative past and a low orientation to positive past and future. Higher EPTE was associated with higher level of PTSS, but TP mediated the level of PTSS in this relation. PTSS predicted the frequency of cannabis use. It may therefore be beneficial to consider TP in PTSD therapy with the aim of reducing deviation from balanced TP and PTSS and preventing comorbid substance use. Full article

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10 pages, 462 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fostering Teachers’ Work Engagement: The Role of Emotional Self-Efficacy Toward One’s Own Emotions, Professional Self-Efficacy, and Job Resources

by Alessio Tesi, Andrea Baroncelli, Carolina Facci, Antonio Aiello and Enrica Ciucci

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090176 - 29 Aug 2025

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Abstract

The present cross-sectional study explored the synergic role of self-report measures of emotional self-efficacy toward one’s own emotions (i.e., the extent to which individuals perceive themselves as confident and effective in managing their emotions), professional self-efficacy, and job resources on work engagement among [...] Read more.

The present cross-sectional study explored the synergic role of self-report measures of emotional self-efficacy toward one’s own emotions (i.e., the extent to which individuals perceive themselves as confident and effective in managing their emotions), professional self-efficacy, and job resources on work engagement among 589 in-service teachers coming from public kindergartens, elementary schools, and middle schools. A hierarchical linear regression approach including a three-way interaction analysis revealed that (a) the two forms of teachers’ self-efficacy were uniquely and positively associated with work engagement, and (b) emotional self-efficacy toward one’s own emotions was positively associated with work engagement, especially at low (vs. high) levels of both professional self-efficacy and job resources. The results were discussed framing the job demands–resources model and stressing the importance of taking care of both personal and professional teachers’ self-efficacy, especially when the school environment lacks job resources. Full article

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13 pages, 290 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study on Italian and American University Students’ Psychological Symptoms and the Predicting Role of Personality Traits

by Sara Guidotti, Gabriella Coscioni and Carlo Pruneti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090175 - 29 Aug 2025

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Abstract

(1) Background: This study aimed to compare psychological symptoms between Italian university students and American college students, considering both external (e.g., nationality) and internal variables (e.g., gender, age, and personality traits) potentially associated with mental health status. (2) Methods: A total of 201 [...] Read more.

(1) Background: This study aimed to compare psychological symptoms between Italian university students and American college students, considering both external (e.g., nationality) and internal variables (e.g., gender, age, and personality traits) potentially associated with mental health status. (2) Methods: A total of 201 Italian students from the University of Parma and 214 American students from Boston College were recruited. Participants completed the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) and the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF). Group comparisons were conducted on socio-demographic and psychological variables using chi-square and independent samples t-tests. Subsequently, hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed separately for each sample to identify personality traits that predict psychological symptoms, while controlling for gender and age. (3) Results: Both samples scored above the clinical cut-off on all SQ symptom scales. American students reported significantly higher levels of depression and hostility. Across both groups, psychological distress was primarily predicted by high tension and low emotional stability, with personality traits explaining a greater proportion of variance than nationality. Traits related to social interaction and emotional regulation also emerged as significant predictors. (4) Conclusions: Identifying personality profiles that are more vulnerable to psychological symptoms may support the development of early identification strategies and targeted prevention programs in university settings. Full article

16 pages, 733 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure the Meaning of Life (MLS)

by Esvin Aldair Guevara-Tantalean, Anthony Brayham Tantaleán-Arteaga, Bruno Francesco Arévalo-García and Denis Frank Cunza-Aranzábal

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090174 - 29 Aug 2025

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Abstract

The concept of meaning of life is of considerable significance to the Peruvian population, functioning as a protective factor that mitigates the occurrence of self-destructive behaviors. It constitutes a vital element of mental health, fostering personal development, adaptability to change, psychological well-being, life [...] Read more.

The concept of meaning of life is of considerable significance to the Peruvian population, functioning as a protective factor that mitigates the occurrence of self-destructive behaviors. It constitutes a vital element of mental health, fostering personal development, adaptability to change, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and optimism. The aim of this research was to develop and validate the Meaning of Life Scale (MLS) designed for the Peruvian population. This study involved 646 individuals aged between 18 and 69 years. One dimension was used, called the Presence of Life Meaning, and both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out, along with a reliability analysis. The results supported a unifactorial model with adequate indices (χ²(2) = 2.391, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.025, SRMR = 0.016) and high internal consistency (α = 0.878, ω = 0.878). The findings of this study offer preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the MLS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Positive Resources to Promote Well Being in Educational and Work Contexts and in Career Trajectories)

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16 pages, 731 KB

Open AccessReview

Latent Variable Statistical Methods for Longitudinal Studies of Multi-Dimensional Health and Education Data: A Scoping Review

by Meiyang Hong, Jane E. Harding and Gavin T. L. Brown

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090173 - 28 Aug 2025

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Abstract

(1) Background: Most studies including health data have relied on reducing all variables to manifest scores, ignoring the latent nature of variables. Moreover, relying only on manifest variables is a limitation of longitudinal studies where identical measures cannot be collected at each time [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Most studies including health data have relied on reducing all variables to manifest scores, ignoring the latent nature of variables. Moreover, relying only on manifest variables is a limitation of longitudinal studies where identical measures cannot be collected at each time point. (2) Objective: This scoping review aims to identify latent variable statistical methods for longitudinal studies of multi-dimensional health and educational data investigating early health predictors of long-term educational outcomes and developmental trajectories that lead to better or worse than expected outcomes. (3) Eligibility criteria: We included peer-reviewed health and education journal articles, doctoral theses, and book chapters of longitudinal studies of children under 12 years of age that adopted latent variable, multivariate analysis of three or more waves of data. We only included full-text-available, English-written articles, without restriction on date of publication. (4) Sources of evidence: We searched five databases, Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science, and identified 4836 publications for screening. (5) Results: After title, abstract, and full-text screening, nine studies were included in the review, reporting seven statistical methods. These methods were categorised into two groups—variable-oriented modelling and person-oriented modelling. (6) Conclusions: Variable-oriented modelling methods are useful for determining predictors of long-term educational outcomes. Person-oriented modelling methods are effective in detecting trajectories to better or worse than expected outcomes. (7) Registration: Open Science Framework. Full article

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16 pages, 654 KB

Open AccessArticle

Control-Oriented and Escape-Oriented Coping: Links to Social Support and Mental Health in Early Adolescents

by Megan Cherewick, Madison R. Davenport, Rinzi Lama, Priscilla Giri, Dikcha Mukhia, Roshan P. Rai, Christina M. Cruz and Michael Matergia

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090172 - 27 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1064

Abstract

This study examined the factor structure of the Kidcope and its associations with social support, psychological symptoms, and mental wellbeing among early adolescents (ages 10–14) in Darjeeling, India. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: control-oriented and escape-oriented coping. Multivariable regression and structural [...] Read more.

This study examined the factor structure of the Kidcope and its associations with social support, psychological symptoms, and mental wellbeing among early adolescents (ages 10–14) in Darjeeling, India. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: control-oriented and escape-oriented coping. Multivariable regression and structural equation models indicated escape-oriented coping was associated with higher emotional symptoms (b = 3.19; p ≤ 0.001) and peer problems (b = 1.43; p ≤ 0.003), whereas control-oriented coping was linked with lower conduct problems (b = −1.11; p = 0.006), and hyperactivity (b = −1.28; p = 0.001). Control-oriented coping also correlated with higher mental wellbeing (b = 11.59; p = 0.004), prosocial behavior (b = 0.50; p ≤ 0.001), and resilience (b = 4.49; p ≤ 0.001). Results suggest control-oriented coping mediates 23% of the total effect of social support on psychological difficulties and 15% on resilience. Findings highlight early adolescence as a sensitive window for strengthening coping skills to protect mental health and enhance wellbeing in high-adversity settings. Full article

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14 pages, 559 KB

Open AccessArticle

Emotion Regulation as a Predictor of Disordered Eating Symptoms in Young Female University Students

by Marina Rojas-Valverde and Elena Felipe-Castaño

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090171 - 27 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1046

Abstract

Eating disorders are characterised by concerns about food, body image, and weight control and/or reduction. They are more frequently described in women, and emotion regulation plays a central role in both their development and persistence. The aim of this study was to analyse [...] Read more.

Eating disorders are characterised by concerns about food, body image, and weight control and/or reduction. They are more frequently described in women, and emotion regulation plays a central role in both their development and persistence. The aim of this study was to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of emotion regulation in predicting disordered eating symptoms in a sample of female university students. Non-probabilistic sampling was used to recruit 558 female university students, with a mean age of 20.63 years (SD = 1.88). An adaptation in Spanish of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Spanish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (S-EDE-Q) were administered. The findings suggested that scores related to emotion dysregulation, emotional rejection, and emotional interference may help distinguish women with disordered eating symptoms associated with food restriction and eating concerns. It is important to have sensitive tools that can identify at-risk populations as well as relevant psychological constructs linked to eating disorders when developing intervention programmes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risky Behaviors Among Youth: Assessment, Prevention, and Intervention)

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19 pages, 692 KB

Open AccessArticle

by Kaiqi Zhou, Constance Richard, Yusen Zhai, Dan Li and Hannah Fry

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090170 - 26 Aug 2025

Viewed by 676

Abstract

Background: Assistive technology (AT) can support autistic adults in navigating employment-related challenges. However, limited research has explored autistic adults’ actual needs and experiences with AT in the workplace. Existing studies often overlook how well current AT solutions align with the real-world demands autistic [...] Read more.

Background: Assistive technology (AT) can support autistic adults in navigating employment-related challenges. However, limited research has explored autistic adults’ actual needs and experiences with AT in the workplace. Existing studies often overlook how well current AT solutions align with the real-world demands autistic adults face across the employment process. To address this gap, this study conducted a needs assessment to explore autistic adults’ perceived AT and AT service needs across employment stages, identify satisfaction and discontinuation patterns, and examine barriers and facilitators to effective use. Methods: A total of 501 autistic adults were recruited through an online crowdsourcing platform, Prolific. Participants completed a needs assessment that included Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and weighted needs scoring procedures. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative responses regarding satisfaction, discontinuation, and general reflections on AT use. Results: Job retention received the highest total weighted needs score, followed closely by skill development and job performance. Participants reported lower perceived needs for AT in the job development and placement domain. Qualitative findings revealed that AT was described as essential for daily functioning and independence, but barriers such as limited access, inadequate training, and social stigma affected use. Participants also emphasized the need for more person-centered and context-specific AT services. Conclusions: AT has the potential to significantly enhance employment outcomes for autistic adults. However, current services often lack personalization and alignment with real-world needs. Findings support the development of more inclusive, tailored, and accessible AT solutions across all employment stages. Full article

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11 pages, 317 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mental Health and Well-Being of Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

by Luís Loureiro, Amorim Rosa, Tânia Morgado and Rosa Simões

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090169 - 23 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1538

Abstract

Background: In recent decades, the relationship between mental health and well-being has been explored from many perspectives, with emphasis on the two-continua model of health in different contexts, with an emphasis on young higher education students. Both mental health and well-being are considered [...] Read more.

Background: In recent decades, the relationship between mental health and well-being has been explored from many perspectives, with emphasis on the two-continua model of health in different contexts, with an emphasis on young higher education students. Both mental health and well-being are considered predictors of academic success. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mental health and well-being among first- and fourth-year nursing students. The sample consisted of 473 nursing students from a university in the central region of mainland Portugal. Methods: Data were collected using the short versions of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC-SF). Results: Canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between psychological distress and mental well-being. The first statistically significant canonical function (p < 0.05; Cr = 0.601) was primarily defined by depression (canonical loading = −0.992) in the distress group and emotional well-being (canonical loading = 0.948) in the well-being group. Redundancy analysis confirmed a significant interdependence: variables related to psychological distress explained 27.8% of the variance in well-being, while well-being variables explained 23.8% of the variance in distress. Conclusions: These results reinforce the two-continua model, highlighting the need to address both mental health and well-being throughout higher education. Full article

14 pages, 433 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptation and Vulnerability in Chronic Pain: A Study of Profiles Based on Clinical and Psychological Factors

by Juan José Mora-Ascó, Carmen Moret-Tatay, María José Jorques-Infante and María José Beneyto-Arrojo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090168 - 23 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Introduction. Chronic pain (CP) is a multidimensional condition that exerts a considerable impact on individuals’ quality of life and presents a wide range of clinical and psychological expressions. This study sought, firstly, to identify distinct clinical profiles among individuals with CP based on [...] Read more.

Introduction. Chronic pain (CP) is a multidimensional condition that exerts a considerable impact on individuals’ quality of life and presents a wide range of clinical and psychological expressions. This study sought, firstly, to identify distinct clinical profiles among individuals with CP based on clinical indicators, and secondly, to examine the differences in psychological vulnerability and pain-related coping strategies according to the clinical profiles. Methods. A total of 251 adults diagnosed with CP and residing in Spain participated in the study. Participants completed the Purpose in Life Test, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Pain Coping Questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify subgroups within the sample, followed by independent samples t-tests to assess psychological differences between clusters. Results. This study identified two clinical profiles among individuals with CP, distinguished by diagnostic delay, disease progression, and functional impact. Cluster 1 exhibited greater functional impairment, lower quality of life, and higher emotional distress (uncertainty, perceived burdensomeness, emotional dysregulation, and hopelessness). In contrast, Cluster 2 showed lower functional impairment, better quality of life, greater use of distraction strategies, and a higher meaning in life. Discussion. These findings suggest that both medical and psychological aspects appear to be associated with each other and may influence the perception, evolution and adaptation to CP. Full article

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11 pages, 667 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Research: Effectiveness of an Intervention Program Based on New Technologies for the Improvement of Cognitive and Motor Processes in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Berta Caro-Puértolas, Inmaculada Báez-Tavero, Laura Lemus-Corchero, Laura Rodríguez-Ruiz, Celia Esther Cerezo-Casillas, Ana Inés Cosa-Aguirre, María Dolores Apolo-Arenas and Alejandro Caña-Pino

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(9), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090167 - 22 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1242

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms often interfere with academic, social, and family functioning. In recent years, the use of digital tools [...] Read more.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms often interfere with academic, social, and family functioning. In recent years, the use of digital tools and video games has garnered attention as an innovative and engaging approach for neurocognitive rehabilitation. The primary objective of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the comparative effects of two cognitive intervention approaches—one based on new technologies and one using traditional methods—on attention, inhibitory control, and processing speed in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Thirty-three participants aged 6–17 years were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 17), which received Nintendo Switch-based therapy, or a control group (n = 16), which received traditional board game therapy. Both interventions lasted 8 weeks and included 16 sessions. Outcomes were assessed using the WISC-V, STROOP, and CARAS-R tests. Results showed significant within-group improvements in both groups. The control group exhibited gains in sustained attention and inhibitory control (CARAS-R and STROOP tests, p < 0.05), while the experimental group improved significantly in processing speed, as measured by the WISC-V (p = 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between groups. These findings suggest that both interventions may be effective for enhancing different cognitive processes in children with ADHD. Importantly, the use of familiar digital technologies like the Nintendo Switch may promote greater motivation and adherence to treatment. Further research with larger samples and long-term follow-up is warranted to validate and extend these preliminary findings, as the current sample size was not powered to detect medium or small effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mind–Technology Interaction in the New Digital Era)

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Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 15, Issue 9 (September 2025) – 19 articles

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